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Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 54:1:15-21 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.
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Evaluation of the Genetic Contribution of Local Wild Vines to European Grapevine Cultivars

Kristina M. Sefc 1, Herta Steinkellner 1, François Lefort 2, Roberto Botta 3, Artur da Câmara Machado 4, Joaquin Borrego 5, Edi Maleticacute 6, and Josef Glössl 1

1 Zentrum für Angewandte Genetik, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
2 Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete
3 Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università di Torino, Centro Miglioramento Genetico e Biologia della Vite-CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
4 Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Terra Chã, Açores, Portugal
5 Instituto Madrileño de Investigacion Agraria y Alimentaria, Finca El Encín, Madrid, Spain
6 Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska, Croatia.

Corresponding author [Present address: Institut für Zoologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; fax: 43 0316 380 9875, email: kristina.sefc{at}uni-graz.at]

A population genetics approach was used to assess the role of local wild-vine populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) in the domestication and breeding of central and west European grapevine cultivars. The genetic differentiation detected among seven grapevine gene pools (cultivars from Austria and Germany, France, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Spain, and Portugal) was low but significant in the nuclear genome (FST of 0.05) and substantial for a chloroplast marker (FST of 0.30). Genetic distances correlate with geographic distances among regions. The significant differentiation indicates that the rate of gene flow caused by dissemination of cultivated grapevine plants was not sufficient to genetically homogenize the cultivars grown in different regions and suggests that local domestication and introgression of wild vines predominated over the introduction of cultivars from more advanced wine-producing regions.

Key words: Grapevine domestication, Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris, nuclear, chloroplast microsatellites






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Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.