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Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 55:1:51-59 (2004)
Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.
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Response of Grapevine Defenses to UV—C Exposure

Alexandra Bonomelli 1, Laurence Mercier 1, Jérôme Franchel 1, Fabienne Baillieul 2, Emile Benizri 3, and Marie-Claude Mauro 1

1 Laboratoire de Recherches Moët & Chandon, 6 rue Croix de Bussy, 51 200 Epernay, France
2 Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, équipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UFR Sciences, URCA, BP 1039, 51 687 Reims 2, France
3 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 172, 54 500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.

Email: mmauro{at}moet.tm.fr

The defense potential of a tolerant American Vitis rupestris cultivar (Rupestris du Lot) and a susceptible European Vitis vinifera cultivar (Chardonnay) in response to UV-C irradiation was investigated. The expression of eight defense-related genes coding for enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and stilbene synthase), the octadecanoid pathway (lipoxygenase), and pathogenesis-related proteins (class I and III chitinases, ß-1,3-glucanase, class 6 pathogenesis-related protein, and class 10 pathogenesis-related protein) was followed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phenolic compound accumulation was monitored by microscopic observation. Accumulation of resveratrol, a major grapevine phytoalexin, was evaluated by HPLC, and chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase enzyme activities were measured. Both grapevine species responded to UV-C treatment by enhancement of defense mechanisms. Intensity of some defense responses was correlated with tolerance to diseases, as previously described for stilbene accumulation: the tolerant species responded more intensely to UV-C exposure than the susceptible one. UV-C irradiation is a practical and reproducible method for inducing grapevine defense responses and can be useful in determining the defense potential of grapevine cultivars.

Note:
Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Pr. Jean Guern and Dr. Michel Boulay for critical review of the manuscript.

Key words: grapevine, UV-C (200 to 280 nm), defense mechanisms, real-time RT-PCR




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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.