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Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 55:3:207-217 (2004)
Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.
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Influence of Climate, Soil, and Cultivar on Terroir

Cornelis van Leeuwen 1, Philippe Friant 2, Xavier Choné 1, Olivier Tregoat 1, Stephanos Koundouras 3, and Denis Dubourdieu 3

1 ENITA de Bordeaux, 1, Cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan-Cedex, FranceFaculte d’OElignologie de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence-Cedex, France
2 ENITA de Bordeaux, 1, Cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan-Cedex, France
3 Faculte d’OElignologie de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence-Cedex, France

Email: k-van-leeuwen{at}enitab.fr

The three main components of terroir—soil, climate, and cultivar—were studied simultaneously. Vine development and berry composition of nonirrigated Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot, Cabernet franc, and Cabernet Sauvignon were compared on a gravelly soil, a soil with a heavy clay subsoil, and a sandy soil with a water table within the reach of the roots. The influence of climate was assessed with year-to-year variations of maximum and minimum temperatures, degree days (base of 10°C), sunshine hours, ETo, rainfall, and water balance for the period 1996 to 2000. The effects of climate, soil, and cultivar were found to be highly significant with regard to vine behavior and berry composition (an example being anthocyanin concentration). The impacts of climate and soil were greater than that of cultivar. Many of the variables correlated with the intensity of vine water stress. It is likely that the effects of climate and soil on fruit quality are mediated through their influence on vine water status.

Note:
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank many students from the Faculté d’OElignologie de Bordeaux and from the ENITA Bordeaux who participated in this research, especially Jerôme Heranval, Philippe Guigal, Olivier Leriche, Romain Renard, Emily Walling, Anna Smolinski, Pierre-Luc Alla, Matthieu Bordes, and Marie-Eve Jaeck. Thanks to Lee Valente for language correction and to Olivier Lavialle for help with statistical analysis.

Key words: terroir, soil, climate, cultivar, vine, water deficit




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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.