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Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 56:1:60-67 (2005)
Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.
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Identification of the Macromolecular Synthesis Operon of Oenococcus oeni

Torey Arvik1, Lorenza Conterno1, Randy Worobo2, Gustavo Fermin3 and Thomas Henick-Kling1,*

1 Cornell Enology Group, 2 Food Safety Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Cornell University/New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456; 3 Faculty, Department of Biological Sciences Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.

* Corresponding author [Tel: (315) 787-2277; fax: (315) 787-2284; email: th12{at}cornell.edu]

The macromolecular synthesis (MMS) operon and two adjacent genes have been sequenced in the wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni. This bacterium is significant for carrying out malolactic fermentation, which is important for flavor maturation of wine. To grow in wine, O. oeni must adapt to low pH (3.0 to 4.0) and ethanol concentrations as high as 16% (v/v). Understanding the regulation of this key operon will enable improvements in starter culture preparation to ensure successful malolactic fermentation. Preliminary analysis has identified several characteristics emblematic of the typical gram-positive MMS operon and has revealed significant differences from bacteria within closely related genera. The O. oeni MMS operon has two genes, dnaG and sigA, located ~6 Kbp downstream from rpsU, the third gene of the MMS operon. They are encoded by a 3.3 kb genome segment ending with a putative stem-loop transcriptional termination structure most similar to that of Lactococcus lactis. A conserved open-reading-frame with identity to genes in other gram-positive bacteria is located downstream of the primary sigma factor and is here named orfCE1. The recently annotated O. oeni genome sequence incompletely describes the organization and sequence of the MMS operon. We describe the architecture of the O. oeni MMS operon and its location relative to adjacent genes. Further, we describe and compare the organization, identity, and phylogenetic relationship of the O. oeni MMS to other gram-positive bacteria.

Key words: Oenococcus oeni, MMS operon, dnaG, sigA






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Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.