|
|
||||||||
1 Former student, 2 Professor, and 3 Associate professor, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616.
* Corresponding author [Fax: 530-752-0382; email: lfbisson{at}ucdavis.edu]
Winemaking variables and techniques are known to affect the phenolic composition of red wines. This review surveys the current literature on the impact of processing and fermentation parameters on the phenolic profile of the finished wines. Six winemaking variables and techniques have been reported to increase phenolic concentration: fermentation temperature, thermovinification, must freezing, saignée, pectolytic enzyme treatments, and extended maceration. In contrast, sulfur dioxide levels and cold-soak treatments have frequently been shown to have no or little lasting effect or to lead to a decrease in phenolic levels. Finally, carbonic maceration, yeast selection, and skin and juice mixing practices have produced variable results depending on the grape varieties studied.
Key words: phenol, tannin, wine composition, phenolic extraction
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
H. Letaief, L. Rolle, and V. Gerbi Mechanical Behavior of Winegrapes under Compression Tests Am. J. Enol. Vitic., September 1, 2008; 59(3): 323 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. F. Harbertson, R. E. Hodgins, L. N. Thurston, L. J. Schaffer, M. S. Reid, J. L. Landon, C. F. Ross, and D. O. Adams Variability of Tannin Concentration in Red Wines Am. J. Enol. Vitic., June 1, 2008; 59(2): 210 - 214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Jensen, B. Blachez, M. Egebo, and A. S. Meyer Rapid Extraction of Polyphenols from Red Grapes Am. J. Enol. Vitic., December 1, 2007; 58(4): 451 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. L. Main and J. R. Morris Effect of Macerating Enzymes and Postfermentation Grape-Seed Tannin on the Color of Cynthiana Wines Am. J. Enol. Vitic., September 1, 2007; 58(3): 365 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |