Abstract
The disappearance of six pesticides (chlorpyrifos, penconazole, fenarimol, vinclozolin, metalaxyl, and mancozeb), which are widely used in vineyards to control berry moth, powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold, was studied. Grapes were harvested for pesticide analysis at two hours and then at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after phytosanitary treatment. The determination of residues was carried out by GC-ECD for chlorpyrifos, penconazole, fenarimol, and vinclozolin, GC-MSD for metalaxyl, and UV-VIS spectrophotometry for mancozeb (as carbon disulfide). The residue levels immediately after application were 6.91, 0.14, 0.53, 5.82, 0.89, and 0.97 mg/kg, but fell to 0.14, 0.03, 0.06, 0.44, 0.10, and 0.22 mg/kg 28 days after the application for chlorpyrifos, penconazole, fenarimol, vinclozolin, metalaxyl, and mancozeb, respectively. According to the rate constants obtained, the dissipation order was: chlorpyrifos > vinclozolin > fenarimol > metalaxyl > penconazole> mancozeb. The half-life times calculated were 4.4, 6.6, 7.8, 8.3, 12, and 13.5 days, respectively. In the case of vinclozolin, chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, and metalaxyl, the time necessary to reach the concentration of the corresponding maximum residue limit (MRL) was below their designated days to harvest times. The theoretical initial residue levels of penconazole and mancozeb (0.12 and 1.08 mg/kg) were below the MRL established for Vitis vinifera by Spanish legislation.
- Copyright 2001 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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