TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Applied Water Amounts at Various Fractions of Evapotranspiration on Productivity and Water Footprint of Chardonnay Grapevines JF - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture JO - Am. J. Enol. Vitic. DO - 10.5344/ajev.2014.12105 SP - ajev.2014.12105 AU - L.E. Williams Y1 - 2014/01/23 UR - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/early/2014/01/21/ajev.2014.12105.abstract N2 - The effects of irrigation treatments with applied water amounts at various fractions of ETc on productivity of Chardonnay grapevines grafted onto two rootstocks were determined across eight years. Irrigation treatments during the first four years were applied water amounts at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 of ETc (crop evapotranspiration) while those in subsequent years were no applied water (0 treatment) and applied water amounts at 0.5 and 1.0 of ETc. Grapevine water use was determined using the soil water balance method. Year had a significant effect on all measured parameters (i.e. berry weight, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and yield and its components). The highest (21.9 t/ha) and lowest (11.6 t/ha) yields differed by almost two fold across years. While rootstock had a significant effect on some of the above mentioned parameters they were not consistent among years and there were only a few instances in which there was a rootstock by irrigation interaction. Yield per unit applied water averaged 4.43 and 13.7 t/ML for the 1.25 and 0.25 irrigation treatments while yield per unit ETc averaged 4.28 and 6.45 t/ML for those two irrigation treatments, respectively. The high and low water footprint values per unit ETc ranged from 130 to 400 m3 of water/t across the duration of the study. The large difference in the water footprint from year to year was due to differences in yield. The water footprint for the 0 irrigation treatment was 166 and 228 m3/t in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The fact that the water footprint reported here is lower than published values for grapevines may have been due to higher yields and better estimates of vineyard ETc. ER -