TY - JOUR T1 - Malnutrition: Cause of "Toxic" Response of Chicks Fed Varietal Grape Juices JF - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture JO - Am J Enol Vitic. SP - 54 LP - 57 DO - 10.5344/ajev.1972.23.2.54 VL - 23 IS - 2 AU - G. S. Stoewsand AU - W. B. Robinson Y1 - 1972/01/01 UR - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/23/2/54.abstract N2 - Day-old male and female White Leghorn chicks consuming 'Thompson Seedless' juice, 'Concord' juice, or water were fed a chicken feed imported from Germany, "Kükengrütze", for 42 days. This feed or an American feed that simulated the German "Kükengrütze" produced chicks that were crippled with malformed feet, were weak, and had a high incidence of mortality. Chicks drinking water showed the earliest symptoms (at 2 weeks old), but the symptoms were also evident some days later in both varietal grape-juice treatments. Growth essentially stopped at 2 weeks Of age, at about 35-40 grams. When the German and American "Kükengrütze" were supplemented with all known vitamins and minerals, there was no crippling and the chicks grew throughout the experimental period. Chicks drinking grape juice were smaller than the chicks consuming water because feed intake was lowered by the additional calories consumed in the grape juices. ER -