TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of some Bacteria Associated with the Spoilage of California Dessert Wines JF - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture JO - Am J Enol Vitic. SP - 20 LP - 31 DO - 10.5344/ajev.1962.13.1.20 VL - 13 IS - 1 AU - Bruno Gini AU - Reese H. Vaughn Y1 - 1962/01/01 UR - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/13/1/20.abstract N2 - Until this study, the species Lactobacillus trichodes had been the only identified bacterium associated with the spoilage of dessert wines in California. This organism grows and produces a flocculent precipitate of intertwined filaments in such wines. Because of the hair-like appearance of the mass of filaments, it is commonly known as the "hair bacillus", or "cottony mold" in the industry. However, in the present investigation involving the isolation and identiication of bacteria causing a similar spoilage of several dessert wines, species of Lactobacillus were not encountered. Instead, only representatives of the two genera Bacillus and Pediococcus were isolated from spoiled wines.A total of 25 strains were isolated including 6 strains recovered from spoiled wines and 19 cultures isolated from production and storage equipment in a northern California winery.Thermal death time studies with three species of Bacillus indicated that the spores of these organisms are capable of surviving pasteurization temperatures in the heat stabilization of fortified wines.Organisms of the type Pediococcus cereviseae, B coagulans, B circulans, B macerans, B pumilis, B sphaericus, B pantothenticus, and B subtilis were found. From the results obtained with one isolate subjected to a Luria and Delbruck fluctuation test, it was concluded that the cells of these organisms surviving in dessert wines become resistant by some change in the cell. Resistant cells tolerate alcohol concentrations of 20 per cent (v/v). The ability of several of the isolates to attack l-malic acid and potassium bitartrate was investigated. Spoilage of a sound wine By selected isolates was reproduced in the laboratory. ER -