@article {Hatchajev.2011.11001, author = {Tremain A. Hatch and Cain C. Hickey and Tony K. Wolf}, title = {Cover Crop, Rootstock, and Root Restriction Regulate Vegetative Growth of Cabernet Sauvignon in a Humid Environment}, elocation-id = {ajev.2011.11001}, year = {2011}, doi = {10.5344/ajev.2011.11001}, publisher = {American Journal of Enology and Viticulture}, abstract = {Cover crops, rootstocks and root restriction were evaluated as means to regulate vegetative growth of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in a humid environment. Treatments were arranged in a strip-split-split plot arrangement with row middle and under-trellis cover crop (UTCC) compared to row-middle only cover crop combined with 85-cm weed-free strips in the vine row as main plots. Rootstocks riparia Gloire (riparia), 420-A, and 101-14 were sub-plots, while sub-sub-plots comprised two treatments: vines were either planted in root-restrictive (RR), fabric bags (0.015 m3) at vineyard establishment, or were planted without root restriction. Root restriction and UTCC were independently effective in suppressing vegetative development as measured by rate and seasonal duration of shoot growth, lateral shoot development, trunk circumference, and dormant pruning weights. Riparia rootstock was the most effective rootstock in limiting vegetative development amongst the three evaluated; vines grafted to riparia had approximately 25\% lower cane pruning weights than did vines grafted to 420-A or 101-14. Under trellis cover crop reduced cane pruning weights by 47\% relative to vines grown on herbicide strips. Canopy architecture was generally improved by both UTCC and by root restriction, but generally unaffected by rootstock. Root restriction reduced the discrimination against 13C assimilation in both berries and leaf laminae tissue as measured by δ13C, while under-trellis floor management did not affect this measure of chronic water stress. The principal direct effect of the UTCC and the root-restriction treatments was a sustained reduction in stem (xylem) water potential (ψstem). Stomatal conductance (gs) and net assimilation rate (A) were depressed by increasing water deficit, particularly for RR vines. Results suggest practical measures can be used to create a more favorable vine balance under conditions of variable rainfall, such as exist in the eastern USA.}, issn = {0002-9254}, URL = {https://www.ajevonline.org/content/early/2011/05/24/ajev.2011.11001}, eprint = {https://www.ajevonline.org/content/early/2011/05/24/ajev.2011.11001.full.pdf}, journal = {American Journal of Enology and Viticulture} }