TY - JOUR T1 - Deficit Irrigation Alters Grapevine Growth, Physiology, and Fruit Microclimate JF - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture JO - Am J Enol Vitic. DO - 10.5344/ajev.2016.16032 SP - ajev.2016.16032 AU - Markus Keller AU - Pascual Romero AU - Hemant Gohil AU - Russell P. Smithyman AU - William R. Riley AU - L. Federico Casassa AU - James F. Harbertson Y1 - 2016/07/11 UR - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/early/2016/07/07/ajev.2016.16032.abstract N2 - A deficit irrigation trial was conducted with field-grown Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines in the Columbia Valley of southeastern Washington. Four irrigation regimes were applied in four replicated blocks to replace various fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) between fruit set and harvest. These treatments were designated ET100 (100% of ETc), ET70 (70% of ETc), ET25 (25% of ETc), and ET25/100 (25% of ETc before veraison and 100% of ETc thereafter). Leaf water status and gas exchange, canopy growth and microclimate, and yield formation were evaluated over three years. Despite yearly variation in growing season temperatures, irrigation treatment effects were consistent among years. Overall, deficit irrigation did not enhance water-use efficiency. The ET100 and ET70 regimes rarely differed in terms of vine physiology and performance. The ET25 regime, however, strongly limited gas exchange and led to a decline in vine capacity and productivity, suggesting that this level of water deficit was economically unsustainable. This treatment also was associated with small berries on small clusters, very high fruit-zone sunlight exposure, and elevated cluster temperature. The ET25/100 regime was generally intermediate with respect to vine physiology, growth, and yield components. This treatment resulted in open canopies and small berries without the penalty in vine capacity and yield that was incurred with the ET25 treatment. The present results suggest that potential effects of water deficit on fruit composition may be related to alterations in canopy size and microclimate in addition to decreased berry size. ER -