RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Impact of Winemaking Techniques on Classical Enological Parameters and Rotundone in Red Wine at the Laboratory Scale
JF American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
JO Am J Enol Vitic.
FD American Society for Enology and Viticulture
SP ajev.2016.16060
DO 10.5344/ajev.2016.16060
A1 Olivier Geffroy
A1 Tracey Siebert
A1 Anthony Silvano
A1 Markus Herderich
YR 2016
UL http://www.ajevonline.org/content/early/2016/10/07/ajev.2016.16060.abstract
AB The impact of fermentation variables (time and temperature of maceration, yeast species, addition of pectolytic enzymes) and winemaking techniques (cold soak, thermovinification, carbonic maceration and rosé vinification) on rotundone and classical enological parameters was investigated in triplicate in red wine made from Duras at the laboratory scale. Rotundone was badly correlated to anthocyanins and to Total Phenolic Index, some variables reflecting the extraction of skin compounds which suggests that the solubility of rotundone or its ability to bind to other materials may differ from anthocyanins and most of the grape proanthocyanidins. Compared to control wine, wines made from a rosé and a thermovinification treatment differed largely in their enological parameters. These two treatments involving a pre-ferment removal of skins resulted in the lowest wine rotundone concentrations, of ca. 20% and 13% respectively. The other treatments had a weak impact on the studied parameters and none of them, including the use of macerating enzymes and the increase in temperature or time of maceration, resulted in enhanced rotundone concentrations. Semi-carbonic maceration, fermentation with Saccharomyces uvarum or longer skin contact during extended fermentation resulted in wine with a significant decrease by ca. 20% in rotundone concentration, indicating practical opportunities for reducing pepper aroma in wine.