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Mechanisms of resistance to self-produced toxic secondary metabolites in plants

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Abstract

Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites to protect themselves from pathogens and herbivores and/or to influence the growth of neighbouring plants. Some of these metabolites are toxic to the producing cells when their target sites are present in the producing organisms. Therefore, a specific self-resistance mechanism must exist in these plants. Self-resistance mechanisms, including extracellular excretion, vacuolar sequestration, vesicle transport, extracellular biosynthesis, and accumulation of the metabolite in a non-toxic form, have been proposed thus far. Recently, a new mechanism involving mutation of the target protein of the toxic metabolite has been elucidated. We review here the mechanisms that plants use to prevent self-toxicity from the following representative compounds: cannabinoids, flavonoids, diterpene sclareol, alkaloids, benzoxazinones, phenylpropanoids, cyanogenic glycosides, and glucosinolates.

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

BOA:

Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one

CBCA:

Cannabichromenic acid

DIBOA:

2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

DIMBOA:

2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

GSH:

Glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferease

PDR:

Pleiotropic drug resistance

THC:

Tetrahydrocannabinol

THCA:

Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

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Acknowledgement

Research in the authors’ laboratory was supported, in part, by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and by CREST of the Japan Science and Technology. SS was recipient of a post-doctoral fellowship from the JSPS hosted by MY.

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Correspondence to Kazuki Saito.

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Sirikantaramas, S., Yamazaki, M. & Saito, K. Mechanisms of resistance to self-produced toxic secondary metabolites in plants. Phytochem Rev 7, 467–477 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-007-9080-2

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