Abstract
Four cDNA clones, named pSEN2, pSEN3, pSEN4, and pSEN5, for mRNAs induced during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana were characterized. The clones were isolated from a cDNA library of detached leaves incubated in darkness for 2 days to accelerate senescence, first by differential screening and then by examining expression of the primarily screened clones during age-dependent leaf senescence. Transcript levels detected by these cDNA clones, thus, were up-regulated in an age-dependent manner and during dark-induced leaf senescence. In contrast, when leaf senescence was induced by ethylene, ABA or methyl jasmonate, the transcript level detected by the clones was differentially regulated depending on the senescence-inducing hormones. The transcript level for pSEN4 increased during senescence induced by all three hormones, while the transcript detected by the pSEN2 clone did not increase during senescence induced by ethylene. The transcript level for pSEN5 was increased upon ABA-induced senescence but decreased during ethylene-induced senescence. The pSEN3 clone detected multiple transcripts that are differentially regulated by these factors. The results show that, although the apparent senescence symptoms of Arabidopsis leaf appear similar regardless of the senescence-inducing factors, the detailed molecular state of leaf cells during senescence induced by different senescence-inducing factors is different. The pSEN3 clone encodes a polyubiquitin and the pSEN4 clone encodes a peptide related to endoxyloglucan transferase. This result is consistent with the expected roles of senescence-induced genes during leaf senescence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ: Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410 (1990).
Azumi Y, Watanabe A: Evidence for a senescence-associated gene induced by darkness. Plant Physiol 95: 577–583 (1991).
Becker W, Apel K: Differences in gene expression between natural and artificially induced leaf senescence. Planta 189: 74–79 (1993).
Biswal UC, Biswal B: Ultrastructural modification and biochemical changes during senescence of chloroplasts. Int Rev Cytol 113: 271–321 (1988).
Buchanan-Wollaston V, Ainsworth C: Leaf senescence in Brassica napus: cloning of senescence related genes by subtractive hybridisation. Plant Mol Biol 33: 821–834 (1997).
Buchanan-Wollaston V: Isolation of cDNA clones for genes that are expressed during leaf senescence in Brassica napus. Plant Physiol 105: 839–846 (1994).
Callis J, Carpenter T, Sun CW, Viestra RD: Structure and evolution of genes encoding polyubiquitin and ubiquit-inlike proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia. Genetics 139: 921–939 (1995).
Christensen AH, Sharrock RA, Quail PH: Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript spicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation. Plant Mol Biol 18: 675–689 (1992).
Church GM, Gilbert W: Genomic sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 1191–1195 (1984).
Ciechanover A, Schwarte AL: The ubiquit-inmediated proteolytic pathway: mechanisms of recognition of the proteolytic substrate and involvement in the degradation of native cellular proteins. FASEB J 8: 182–191 (1994).
Davies KM, Grierson D: Identification of cDNA clones for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mRNAs that accumulate during fruit ripening and leaf senescence in response to ethylene. Planta 179: 73–80 (1989).
Gan S, Amasino RM: Making sense of senescence. Plant Physiol 113: 313–319 (1997).
Garbarino JE, Oosumi T, Belknap WR: Isolation of a polyubiquitin promoter and its expression in transgenic potato plants. Plant Physiol 109: 1371–1378 (1995).
Genschik P, Marbach J, Feuerman UM, Plesse B, Fleck J: Structure and promoter activity of a stress and developmentally regulated polyubiquitinencoding gene of Nicotiana tabacum. Gene 148: 195–202 (1994).
Graham IA, Leaver CJ, Smith SM: Induction of malate synthase gene expression in senescent and detached organs of cucumber. Plant Cell 4: 349–357 (1992).
Grbic V, Bleecker AB: Ethylene regulates the timing of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant J 8: 595–602 (1995).
Hensel LL, Grbic V, Baumgarten DA, Bleecker AB: Developmental and agerelated processes that influence the longevity and senescence of photosynthetic tissues in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 5: 553–564 (1993).
John I, Hackett R, Cooper W, Drake R, Farrel A, Grierson D: Cloning and characterization of tomato leaf senescencerelated cDNAs. Plant Mol Biol 33: 641–651 (1997).
Kamachi K, Yamaya T, Hayakaura T, Mae T, Ojima K: Changes in cytosolic glutamine synthase polypeptide and its mRNA in a leaf blade of rice plants during natural senescence. Plant Physiol 98: 1323–1329 (1992).
Kawalleck P, Somssich IE, Feldbrugge M, Hahlbrock K, Weisshaar B: Polyubiquitin gene expression and structural properties of the ubi42 gene in Petroselinum crispum. Plant Mol Biol 21: 673–684 (1993).
Lawton KA, Potter SL, Ukness PS, Ryals J: Acquired resistance signal transduction in Arabidopsis is ethylene independent. Plant Cell 6: 581–588 (1994).
Lohman KN, Gan S, John MC, Amasino RM: Molecular analysis of natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant 92: 322–328 (1994).
Medford JI, Elmer JS, Klee HJ: Molecular cloning and characterization of genes expressed in shoot apical meristems. Plant Cell 3: 359–370 (1991).
Nam HG: The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence. Curr Opin Biotechnol 8: 200–207 (1997).
Noodén LD: Abscisic acid, auxin and other regulators of senescence. In Noodén LD, Leopold AC (eds) Senescence and Aging in Plants, pp. 330–386. Academic Press, San Diego (1988).
Noodén LD: The phenomenon of senescence and aging. In: Noodén LD, Leopold AC (eds) Senescence and Aging in Plants, pp. 2–50. Academic Press, San Diego (1988).
Oh SA, Lee SY, Chung IK, Lee CH, Nam HG: A senescenceassociated gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is distinctively regulated during natural and artificially induced leaf senescence. Plant Mol Biol 30: 739–754 (1996).
Oh SA, Park JH, Lee GI, Paek KH, Park SK, Nam HG: Identification of three genetic loci controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. In press (1997).
Okazawa K, Sato Y, Nakagawa T, Asada K, Kato I, Tomita E, Nishitani K: Molecular cloning and cDNA sequencing of endoxyloglucan transferase, a novel class of glycosyltransferase that mediates molecular grafting between matrix polysaccharides in plant cells. J Bio Chem 268: 25364–25368 (1993).
Park YS, Kwak JM, Kwon OY, Kim YS, Lee DS, Cho MJ, Lee HH, Nam HG: Generation of expressed sequence tags of random root cDNA clones of Brassica napus by single-run partial sequencing. Plant Physiol 103: 359–370 (1993).
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989).
Schlesinger MJ, Bond UC: Ubiquitin genes. Oxf Surv Eukaryotic Genes 4: 77–89 (1987).
Smart CM: Gene expression during leaf senescence. New Phytol 126: 419–448 (1994).
Taylor CB, Bariolar PA, delCardayre SB, Raines RT, Green PJ: RNS2: a senescenceassociated RNase of Arabidopsis that diverged from the SRNase before speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5118–5122 (1993).
Thimann KV: The senescence of leaves. In: Thimann KV (ed) Senescence in Plants, pp. 85–115. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1980).
Thomas H, Smart CM: Crops that stay green. Ann Appl Biol 123: 193–219 (1993).
Thomas H, Stoddart JL: Leaf senescence. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31: 83–111 (1980).
Xu W, Campbell P, Vargheese AK, Braam J: The Arabidopsis XET-related gene family: environmental and hormonal regulation of expression. Plant J 9: 879–889 (1996).
Zhong HH, McClung CR: The circadian clock gates expression of two Arabidopsis catalase genes to distinct and opposite circadian phases. Mol Gen Genet 251: 196–203 (1996).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, JH., Oh, S.A., Kim, Y.H. et al. Differential expression of senescence-associated mRNAs during leaf senescence induced by different senescence-inducing factors in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 37, 445–454 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005958300951
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005958300951