"Untypical aging off-flavor" in wine: synthesis of potential degradation compounds of indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenine and their evaluation as precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone

J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jul 17;50(15):4303-9. doi: 10.1021/jf011672r.

Abstract

Kynurenine (1) and indole-3-acetic acid (2) are considered as potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (3), which is regarded to be the aroma impact compound causing an "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera wines. The mechanism of the formation of 3 was studied using model fermentation and model sulfuration media spiked with 1 or 2 as potential precursors. Possible degradation products such as kynurenamine (4) and kynurenic acid (5), or skatole (6), 2-oxoskatole (7), 2-formamidoacetophenone (8), 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (9), and 3-(2-formylaminophenyl)-3-oxopropionic acid (10) were evaluated by HPLC-UV of the fermentation and sulfuration media and comparison with synthesized 7, 8, 9, and 10. The synthesis of the possible precursor 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid (11), a proposed metabolite of 1 failed because a spontaneous cyclization yields 5 and N-oxo-kynurenic acid (12), but not 11. It could be shown that the formation of 3 is triggered by an oxidative degradation of 2 after sulfuration with potassium bisulfite via the intermediates 10 and 8. However, no formation of 3 occurred during sulfuration of a model wine spiked with 1 or during fermentation of a model must spiked with 1 or 2.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetophenones / analysis*
  • Acetophenones / chemistry
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Fermentation
  • Food Technology*
  • Indoleacetic Acids / chemical synthesis*
  • Indoleacetic Acids / metabolism
  • Kynurenine / chemical synthesis*
  • Kynurenine / metabolism
  • Odorants*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
  • Sulfur / chemistry
  • Taste
  • Time Factors
  • Wine / analysis*

Substances

  • Acetophenones
  • Indoleacetic Acids
  • Kynurenine
  • 2-aminoacetophenone
  • indoleacetic acid
  • Sulfur