In spite of much effort, no one has succeeded in isolating and characterizing the enzyme(s)
responsible for synthesis of cellulose, the major cell wall polymer of plants. We have …

Although micro- and nano-bubble technology has been attracting attention in many fields,
the state of water after the introduction of those bubbles is still not clear. In this study, the …

Cellulose synthesis in plants requires β-1,4-glucan chain initiation, elongation, and termination.
The process of chain elongation is likely to be distinct from the process of chain initiation. …

Cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins are components of CesA complexes (rosettes) and are
thought to catalyze the chain elongation step in glucan polymerization. Little is understood …

The mechanism with which nanobubbles (NBs) promote physiological activity is
investigated using germination tests and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation-time …

… Line graphs represent DNA microarray data depicting the expression intensity of each
transcript (right y-axis), whereas bar graphs depict quantitative real-time RT–PCR results (left …

A rapid method based on hyperspectral imaging for detection of Escherichia coli contamination
in fresh vegetable was developed. E. coli K12 was inoculated into spinach with different …

Nanobubbles (NBs) have been reported to be effective at accelerating the metabolism of
living organisms, but the mechanism is not yet well understood. In this study, the production of …

Chlorination presents one of the few chemical options available to help manage postharvest
decay. Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water, containing free chlorine, is the product of a new …

Starch granule morphology differs markedly among plant species. However, the mechanisms
controlling starch granule morphology have not been elucidated. Rice (Oryza sativa) …