A wide range of distilled beverages, including whisky and cognac, continue to be matured for
many years in oak barrels. During maturation a range of physical and chemical interactions …

The cultivation of grapevines for winemaking, known as viticulture, is widely cited as a
climate‐sensitive agricultural system that has been used as an indicator of both historic and …

Oak casks are used for the maturation of a wide range of alcoholic beverages. Focusing on
whisky production, this paper reviews the influence of oak wood properties on the flavour of …

Barrels used for the aging of wines and spirits are constructed from oak heartwood. Heartwood
tannins (soluble polyphenols) are the most abundant of the constituents of oak wood that …

Climate is of fundamental importance to the ecology and evolution of all organisms. However,
studies of climate–organism interactions usually rely on climate variables interpolated …

The cultivation of grapevines in the UK and many other cool climate regions is expected to
benefit from the higher growing season temperatures predicted under future climate scenarios…

Several American and European species of oak provide cooperage wood used for barrel-aging
wines. Numerous studies have reported that wood properties vary widely among …

Pressler cores of young clones of Quercus petraea and Q. robur were analysed from two
sites in Germany. Variation of wood colour (defined by the CIELAB system), density and …

Protected areas (PAs) are a core component in global efforts to prevent further declines in
biodiversity. We examine whether the United Kingdom's PA portfolio has reduced local …

… A comparison of the ellagitannins found in oak from two such contrasting French forests
found that over 70% of the total variation occurred between the two sites (Mosedale et a1 in …