Evaluating Drip, Flood, and Sprinkler Irrigation of Wine Grapes

Abstract

The response of Saint Emilion to drip, flood, and sprinkler irrigation was measured in the southern San Joaquin Valley. The trial began in 1972 after planting, and the extent of plant and soil modifications was monitored through 1974. The principal benefit with drip irrigation was increased efficiency of water use. Drip irrigation used less water while maintaining vine vigor, fruit production, and fruit quality similar to results with sprinkler or flood irrigation. Soil salt levels with sprinkling and flooding were similar but lower than observed with drip irrigation. With drip irrigation, total salts and sodium concentrated on the surface 100 cm from the vine row (drip line) and to a 30-cm depth. Soil-water pressure-head values and hydraulic gradients indicated substantial soil-water flow to the 150-cm depth following both flood and sprinkler irrigation, whereas flow to the 150-cm depth was slight with drip irrigation.