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Article

Soil and Winegrape Quality in Biodynamically and Organically Managed Vineyards

Jennifer R. Reeve, L. Carpenter-Boggs, John P. Reganold, Alan L. York, Glenn McGourty, Leo P. McCloskey
Am J Enol Vitic. December 2005 56: 367-376; published ahead of print December 01, 2005 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2005.56.4.367
Jennifer R. Reeve
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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  • For correspondence: jrreeve@wsu.edu
L. Carpenter-Boggs
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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John P. Reganold
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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Alan L. York
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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Glenn McGourty
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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Leo P. McCloskey
1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; 2Wholistic Estate Management, PO Box 760, Hopland, CA 95482; 3University of California Cooperative Extension, 579 Low Gap Road, Ukiah, CA 95482; and 4Enologix, 461 Seventh St. W., #1, Sonoma, CA 95476.
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Abstract

Wines produced from biodynamically grown grapes have received increasing attention. Similar to organic agriculture, biodynamics eliminates synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The primary difference between the two farming systems is that biodynamics uses a series of soil and plant amendments, called preparations, said to stimulate the soil and enhance plant health and quality of produce. Whether these preparations actually augment soil or winegrape quality is unclear and controversial. A long-term, replicated, 4.9-ha study was initiated in 1996 on a commercial Merlot vineyard near Ukiah, California, to investigate the effects of these biodynamic preparations on soil and winegrape quality. The study consisted of two treatments, biodynamic and organic (the control), each replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. All management practices were the same in all plots, except for the addition of the preparations to the biodynamic treatment. No differences were found in soil quality in the first six years. Nutrient analyses of leaf tissue, clusters per vine, yield per vine, cluster weight, and berry weight showed no differences. Although average pruning weights for both treatments in 2001 to 2003 fell within the optimal range of 0.3 to 0.6 kg/m for producing high-quality winegrapes, ratios of yield to pruning weight were significantly different (p < 0.05) and indicated that the biodynamic treatment had ideal vine balance for producing high-quality winegrapes but that the control vines were slightly overcropped. Biodynamically treated winegrapes had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Brix and notably higher (p < 0.1) total phenols and total anthocyanins in 2003. Biodynamic preparations may affect winegrape canopy and chemistry but were not shown to affect the soil parameters or tissue nutrients measured in this study.

  • biodynamic viticulture
  • organic farming
  • soil quality
  • winegrape quality
  • Received February 2004.
  • Revision received September 2004.
  • Revision received January 2005.
  • Revision received June 2005.
  • Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Soil and Winegrape Quality in Biodynamically and Organically Managed Vineyards
Jennifer R. Reeve, L. Carpenter-Boggs, John P. Reganold, Alan L. York, Glenn McGourty, Leo P. McCloskey
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2005  56: 367-376;  published ahead of print December 01, 2005 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2005.56.4.367

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Soil and Winegrape Quality in Biodynamically and Organically Managed Vineyards
Jennifer R. Reeve, L. Carpenter-Boggs, John P. Reganold, Alan L. York, Glenn McGourty, Leo P. McCloskey
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2005  56: 367-376;  published ahead of print December 01, 2005 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2005.56.4.367
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