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Research Note

Variability of Tannin Concentration in Red Wines

James F. Harbertson, Ryan E. Hodgins, Lisa N. Thurston, Larry J. Schaffer, Matthew S. Reid, Josie L. Landon, Carolyn F. Ross, Douglas O. Adams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 210-214  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.2.210
James F. Harbertson
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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  • For correspondence: jfharbertson@wsu.edu
Ryan E. Hodgins
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Lisa N. Thurston
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Larry J. Schaffer
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Matthew S. Reid
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Josie L. Landon
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Carolyn F. Ross
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Douglas O. Adams
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Abstract

A protein precipitation method was used to measure the tannin concentration of 1325 commercial red wines made from Vitis vinifera cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Syrah, Zinfandel, and several blends. Samples were taken from the United States (California, Oregon, Washington), Australia, and France. The concentration of tannins ranged from 30 to 1895 mg/L catechin equivalents (CE) among all wines measured, with a mean concentration of 544 mg/L CE and a standard deviation of 293. Within a single variety the variation in the concentration of tannins was larger than an order of magnitude and in two varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir) the variation was 32-fold. Because of the wide variation in concentration range, there was overlap among the different populations. However, differences were found (p < 0.05) among the varieties at the population mean value: Cabernet Sauvignon (672 mg/L CE) ≥ Zinfandel (652 mg/L CE) > Merlot (559 mg/L CE) > Syrah (455 mg/L CE) > Pinot noir (348 mg/L CE). Pinot noir and Syrah wines from different states were compared and revealed that the tannin concentration in Oregon and California Pinot noir wines were not statistically different, while California Syrah was higher in tannin than both Washington State wines and those from several states in Australia.

  • tannins
  • astringency
  • red wine
  • variability
  • Received November 2007.
  • Revision received February 2008.
  • Copyright © 2008 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Variability of Tannin Concentration in Red Wines
James F. Harbertson, Ryan E. Hodgins, Lisa N. Thurston, Larry J. Schaffer, Matthew S. Reid, Josie L. Landon, Carolyn F. Ross, Douglas O. Adams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 210-214  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.2.210
James F. Harbertson
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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  • For correspondence: jfharbertson@wsu.edu
Ryan E. Hodgins
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Lisa N. Thurston
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Larry J. Schaffer
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Matthew S. Reid
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Josie L. Landon
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Carolyn F. Ross
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Douglas O. Adams
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Variability of Tannin Concentration in Red Wines
James F. Harbertson, Ryan E. Hodgins, Lisa N. Thurston, Larry J. Schaffer, Matthew S. Reid, Josie L. Landon, Carolyn F. Ross, Douglas O. Adams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 210-214  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.2.210
James F. Harbertson
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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  • For correspondence: jfharbertson@wsu.edu
Ryan E. Hodgins
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Lisa N. Thurston
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Larry J. Schaffer
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Matthew S. Reid
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Josie L. Landon
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Carolyn F. Ross
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Douglas O. Adams
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Rd., Prosser, WA 99350; 2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and 3Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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