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Article

Interactive Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load on Cabernet Sauvignon in an Arid Climate

Markus Keller, Russell P. Smithyman, Lynn J. Mills
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 221-234  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.3.221
Markus Keller
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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  • For correspondence: mkeller@wsu.edu
Russell P. Smithyman
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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Lynn J. Mills
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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Abstract

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and crop-load adjustment are regarded as important viticultural practices for premium-quality wine production, although little is known about their interactive effects. Crop loads were altered on field-grown, own-rooted Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines exposed to RDI varying in severity and timing in the arid Columbia Valley (Washington) from 1999 to 2003. Following a dry-down period through fruit set to stop shoot growth, vines were irrigated at 60 to 70% of full-vine evapotranspiration until harvest. Other vines either received the same amount of water up to veraison, after which the irrigation rate was cut in half, or had their irrigation halved before veraison but not thereafter. Clusters were thinned within irrigation treatments during the lag phase of berry growth to achieve a target yield of 6.7 t/ha, compared with an unthinned control. The severity and timing of RDI had only minor effects on vegetative growth, yield formation, fruit composition (soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, K+, color), and cold hardiness. The more severe water-deficit treatments slowed berry growth while the treatments were being imposed, but final berry weights were similar in three of five years. Although cluster thinning reduced yields by 35% and crop loads by 32%, crop load had little or no influence on vegetative growth and cluster yield components and advanced fruit maturity at most by three to four days. Very few interactive effects of RDI and crop load were observed, indicating that the crop load did not influence the response of vines to RDI.

  • regulated deficit irrigation
  • growth
  • fruit set
  • yield components
  • grape berry
  • fruit composition
  • cold hardiness
  • Vitis vinifera
  • Received December 2007.
  • Revision received March 2008.
  • Copyright © 2008 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Interactive Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load on Cabernet Sauvignon in an Arid Climate
Markus Keller, Russell P. Smithyman, Lynn J. Mills
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 221-234  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.3.221
Markus Keller
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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  • For correspondence: mkeller@wsu.edu
Russell P. Smithyman
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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Lynn J. Mills
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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Interactive Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Crop Load on Cabernet Sauvignon in an Arid Climate
Markus Keller, Russell P. Smithyman, Lynn J. Mills
Am J Enol Vitic.  2008  59: 221-234  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2008.59.3.221
Markus Keller
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: mkeller@wsu.edu
Russell P. Smithyman
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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Lynn J. Mills
1Professor of Viticulture and 2Research Technology Supervisor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; 3Director of Viticulture and Research, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, 660 Frontier Road, Prosser, WA 99350.
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