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Article

Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in the Western United States

Gregory V. Jones, Andrew A. Duff, Andrew Hall, Joseph W. Myers
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010  61: 313-326  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.313
Gregory V. Jones
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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  • For correspondence: gjones@sou.edu
Andrew A. Duff
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Andrew Hall
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Joseph W. Myers
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Abstract

Knowledge of the spatial variation in temperature in wine regions provides the basis for evaluating the general suitability for viticulture, allows for comparisons between wine regions, and offers growers a measure of assessing appropriate cultivars and sites. However, while tremendous advances have occurred in spatial climate data products, these have not been used to examine climate and suitability for viticulture in the western United States. This research spatially maps the climate in American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) throughout California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho using the 1971–2000 PRISM 400 m resolution climate grids, assessing the statistical properties of four climate indices used to characterize suitability for viticulture: growing degree-days (GDD, or Winkler index, WI), the Huglin index (HI), the biologically effective degree-day index (BEDD), and average growing season temperatures (GST). The results show that the spatial variability of climate within AVAs can be significant, with some regions representing as many as five climate classes suitable for viticulture. Compared to static climate station data, documenting the spatial distribution of climate provides a more holistic measure of understanding the range of cultivar suitability within AVAs. Furthermore, results reveal that GST and GDD are functionally identical but that GST is easier to calculate and overcomes many methodological issues that occur with GDD. The HI and BEDD indices capture the known AVA-wide suitability but need to be further validated in the western U.S. Additionally, the research underscores the necessity for researchers, software developers, and others to clearly communicate the data time period and method of calculating GDD so that results can be correctly interpreted and compared.

  • climate
  • viticulture
  • temperature
  • degree-days
  • American Viticultural Area
  • Received June 2009.
  • Revision received December 2009.
  • Revision received February 2010.
  • Accepted March 2010.
  • Published online September 2010
  • Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in the Western United States
Gregory V. Jones, Andrew A. Duff, Andrew Hall, Joseph W. Myers
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010  61: 313-326  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.313
Gregory V. Jones
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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  • For correspondence: gjones@sou.edu
Andrew A. Duff
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Andrew Hall
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Joseph W. Myers
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in the Western United States
Gregory V. Jones, Andrew A. Duff, Andrew Hall, Joseph W. Myers
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010  61: 313-326  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.313
Gregory V. Jones
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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  • For correspondence: gjones@sou.edu
Andrew A. Duff
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Andrew Hall
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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Joseph W. Myers
1Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University, 1250 Siskiyou Blvd, Ashland, OR 97520; 2Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way N., Olympia, WA 98501; 3National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia; and 4Vinetinders, LLC, 11950 Southeast Loop Rd., Dayton, OR 97114.
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