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Article

Impact of Severity and Timing of Basal Leaf Removal on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine Concentrations in Red Winegrapes

Justin J. Scheiner, Gavin L. Sacks, Bruce Pan, Said Ennahli, Libby Tarlton, Alice Wise, Steven D. Lerch, Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010 61: 358-364 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.358
Justin J. Scheiner
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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  • For correspondence: jjs365@cornell.edu
Gavin L. Sacks
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Bruce Pan
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Said Ennahli
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Libby Tarlton
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Alice Wise
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Steven D. Lerch
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Abstract

Field studies were conducted on Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Cabernet franc and Merlot to evaluate the effects of basal leaf removal timing and severity on 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) concentration in grape berries. Treatments consisted of removing either 50% or 100% of leaves from the fruiting zone at either 10 days after anthesis, 40 days after anthesis, or 60 days after anthesis. In the second year of the Cabernet franc study, a 15-day postveraison leaf removal treatment was also included. In both years of the Cabernet franc study, significant reductions in IBMP (range = 28 to 53%) were observed before veraison compared with the control in both 10 days after anthesis treatments (50% and 100% leaf removal). In 2007, all leaf removal treatments significantly reduced IBMP concentrations compared with the control (46 to 88%) in Cabernet franc berries at harvest, with the greatest reduction observed in the 100% leaf removal treatments at 10 days after anthesis and 40 days after anthesis. In 2008, the 100% leaf removal treatment at 10 days after anthesis and the 50 and 100% leaf removal treatments at 40 days after anthesis significantly reduced IBMP concentrations (34 to 60%) in mature Cabernet franc berries. In the Merlot trial, all leaf removal treatments significantly reduced IBMP concentrations (38 to 52%) at harvest. In summary, early season (10 to 40 day after anthesis) basal leaf removal reduced IBMP accumulation preveraison compared with the control in both studies, suggesting that early leaf removal is a more effective management strategy to reduce IBMP accumulation in grape berries than leaf removal later in the season.

  • IBMP
  • accumulation
  • cluster exposure
  • methoxypyrazine
  • Received November 2009.
  • Revision received March 2010.
  • Accepted April 2010.
  • Published online September 2010
  • Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Impact of Severity and Timing of Basal Leaf Removal on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine Concentrations in Red Winegrapes
Justin J. Scheiner, Gavin L. Sacks, Bruce Pan, Said Ennahli, Libby Tarlton, Alice Wise, Steven D. Lerch, Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010  61: 358-364  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.358
Justin J. Scheiner
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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  • For correspondence: jjs365@cornell.edu
Gavin L. Sacks
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Bruce Pan
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Said Ennahli
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Libby Tarlton
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Alice Wise
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Steven D. Lerch
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Impact of Severity and Timing of Basal Leaf Removal on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine Concentrations in Red Winegrapes
Justin J. Scheiner, Gavin L. Sacks, Bruce Pan, Said Ennahli, Libby Tarlton, Alice Wise, Steven D. Lerch, Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2010  61: 358-364  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2010.61.3.358
Justin J. Scheiner
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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  • For correspondence: jjs365@cornell.edu
Gavin L. Sacks
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Bruce Pan
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Said Ennahli
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Libby Tarlton
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Alice Wise
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Steven D. Lerch
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Justine E. Vanden Heuvel
1Graduate Student, Cornell University, Field of Horticulture, Plant Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853; 2Assistant Professor of Enology, 3Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Food Science and Technology, 630 W. North Street, Geneva, NY 14456; 4Former Postdoctoral Scientist, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; 5Research Technician, 6Viticulturist, Cornell Cooperative Extension Suffolk County, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, 3059 Sound Avenue, Riverhead, NY 11901; 7Research Support Specialist, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456; and 8Assistant Professor of Viticulture, Cornell University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, NY 14456, and Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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