Figure 3
Grape berry vacuolar transport systems identified at molecular level or postulated from transport experiments. (1) V-PPase; (2) V-ATPase (Terrier et al. 1998, Fontes et al. 2010b); (3) Ca2+/H+ antiport system (Fontes et al. 2010b); (4) cation/H+ antiporter (VvNHX; Hanana et al. 2007); (5) malate (mal) transporter (VvtDT; Rongala 2008); (6) malate channel (VvALMT9; Rongala 2008); (7) MATE transporter implicated in the uptake of acylated anthocyanin (A) (Gomez et al. 2009); (8) tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs; Fouquet et al. 2008); (9) monosaccharide transporter; (10) sucrose (suc) transporters; (11) phosphate transporter (N. Fontes et al. 2011, unpublished data). PPi, pyrophosphate.