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Article

Photosynthetic Performance of Pinot gris (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevine Leaves in Response to Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) Infestation

Marcel S. Lenz, Rufus Isaacs, James A. Flore, G. Stanley Howell
Am J Enol Vitic.  2012  63: 357-366  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2012.11111
Marcel S. Lenz
1Viticulturist, Leelanau Wine Cellars, 7161 N. West Bay Shore Dr., P.O. Box 68, Omena, MI 49674
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  • For correspondence: lenzmarcels@yahoo.com
Rufus Isaacs
2Professor, Department of Entomology, 202 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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James A. Flore
3Professor, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
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G. Stanley Howell
4Professor Emeritus, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
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Abstract

Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on Vitis vinifera L. grapevines in North America. In sensitive grape cultivars such as Pinot gris, feeding symptoms include leaf yellowing, leaf cupping, and stunted vine growth. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine how photosynthesis and other physiological processes are affected by E. fabae infestation. In Experiment I, Pinot gris leaves at four different positions along shoots were infested with either 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 E. fabae nymphs for 43 hr to determine how the relationship between infestation level and leaf position affects leaf photosynthesis and whether or not damage thresholds exist for the photosynthetic response. Empoasca fabae infestation was inversely proportional to carbon assimilation (A), transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (Gs) and directly proportional to internal CO2 concentration (Ci). There was a positive correlation between A and Gs, while A and Ci were negatively correlated, indicating that reductions in A were due to both stomatal and nonstomatal limitations. Damage thresholds, defined as the number of insects necessary to cause damage to the plant, were calculated for A, E, Gs, and Ci at most leaf positions. In Experiment II, response curves were generated for infested and uninfested regions of the same leaves to determine how light and CO2 utilization were affected by E. fabae infestation. Declining A in response to E. fabae infestation was due to a decreased capacity of leaf tissues to utilize light and CO2. Reductions in A were correlated with decreases in Gs and increases in Ci, indicating that stomatal and nonstomatal limitations were relevant, with evidence of photosynthetic compensation in the postinfestation period. These results indicate that E. fabae infestation causes injury through rapid effects on the capacity of leaves to produce photosynthate through effects on internal tissues and on stomata. These effects might be transient at low infestation levels, but leaf tissue can be compromised at higher infestation levels, leading to irreversible damage.

  • grapevine
  • potato leafhopper
  • IPM
  • tolerance
  • pest management
  • photosynthesis
  • ©2012 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Photosynthetic Performance of Pinot gris (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevine Leaves in Response to Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) Infestation
Marcel S. Lenz, Rufus Isaacs, James A. Flore, G. Stanley Howell
Am J Enol Vitic.  2012  63: 357-366  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2012.11111
Marcel S. Lenz
1Viticulturist, Leelanau Wine Cellars, 7161 N. West Bay Shore Dr., P.O. Box 68, Omena, MI 49674
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: lenzmarcels@yahoo.com
Rufus Isaacs
2Professor, Department of Entomology, 202 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
James A. Flore
3Professor, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
G. Stanley Howell
4Professor Emeritus, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site

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Photosynthetic Performance of Pinot gris (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevine Leaves in Response to Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) Infestation
Marcel S. Lenz, Rufus Isaacs, James A. Flore, G. Stanley Howell
Am J Enol Vitic.  2012  63: 357-366  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2012.11111
Marcel S. Lenz
1Viticulturist, Leelanau Wine Cellars, 7161 N. West Bay Shore Dr., P.O. Box 68, Omena, MI 49674
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: lenzmarcels@yahoo.com
Rufus Isaacs
2Professor, Department of Entomology, 202 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
James A. Flore
3Professor, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
G. Stanley Howell
4Professor Emeritus, Department of Horticulture, Plant and Soil Sciences Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
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