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Technical Brief

Control of Grapevine Leafroll Disease Spread at a Commercial Wine Estate in South Africa: A Case Study

Gerhard Pietersen, Nico Spreeth, Tobie Oosthuizen, André van Rensburg, Maritza van Rensburg, Dwayne Lottering, Neil Rossouw, Don Tooth
Am J Enol Vitic. June 2013 64: 296-305; published ahead of print February 26, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12089
Gerhard Pietersen
1ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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  • For correspondence: gerhard.pietersen@up.ac.za
Nico Spreeth
2Vititec, P.O. Box 528, Suider-Paarl, 7624, South Africa
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Tobie Oosthuizen
2Vititec, P.O. Box 528, Suider-Paarl, 7624, South Africa
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André van Rensburg
3Vergelegen Wine Estate, Lourensford Road, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa.
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Maritza van Rensburg
3Vergelegen Wine Estate, Lourensford Road, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa.
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Dwayne Lottering
3Vergelegen Wine Estate, Lourensford Road, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa.
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Neil Rossouw
3Vergelegen Wine Estate, Lourensford Road, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa.
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Don Tooth
3Vergelegen Wine Estate, Lourensford Road, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa.
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Abstract

Grapevine leafroll disease (LR) is a serious disease of grapevine worldwide. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is the most prevalent virus associated with this disease in South Africa and, despite a successful virus-elimination strategy within a certification scheme, spreads rapidly in local commercial vineyards. Since 2002 an integrated control strategy was used at a commercial wine estate to control LR and serve as a case study for the local and international wine industries to show that control in a commercial setting is possible. The strategy included planting of certified material tested free of detectable viruses, use of herbicide and subsequent removal of infected vine material, fallow periods during which time volunteer hosts were removed, and use of systemic and contact insecticides, sanitation, and horticultural practices to minimize spread of viruliferous mealybugs. Leafroll was reduced from a 100% infection in 2002 on 41.26 ha (111,431 vines) planted mainly from 1989 to 1992, to only 58 LR infected vines detected in 2012 on 77.84 ha (209,626 vines), an incidence of 0.027%. This reduction was achieved by replacing the fully infected vineyards and roguing 3105 infected vines within young and replaced new vineyards. The control strategies were successful in curtailing the spread of LR disease and have resulted in the removal of the disease from the majority of individual vineyards. Leafroll currently occurs at sufficiently low levels in the remaining vineyards that local eradication may be possible in these, in contrast to the general situation in the South African industry where the majority of producers do not apply LR control strategies and leafroll is widespread.

  • grapevine leafroll disease
  • mealybugs
  • Planococus ficus
  • Vitis vinifera
  • ©2013 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Control of Grapevine Leafroll Disease Spread at a Commercial Wine Estate in South Africa: A Case Study
Gerhard Pietersen, Nico Spreeth, Tobie Oosthuizen, André van Rensburg, Maritza van Rensburg, Dwayne Lottering, Neil Rossouw, Don Tooth
Am J Enol Vitic.  June 2013  64: 296-305;  published ahead of print February 26, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12089

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Control of Grapevine Leafroll Disease Spread at a Commercial Wine Estate in South Africa: A Case Study
Gerhard Pietersen, Nico Spreeth, Tobie Oosthuizen, André van Rensburg, Maritza van Rensburg, Dwayne Lottering, Neil Rossouw, Don Tooth
Am J Enol Vitic.  June 2013  64: 296-305;  published ahead of print February 26, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12089
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