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Research Article

Determining the Methoxypyrazine Biosynthesis Variables Affected by Light Exposure and Crop Level in Cabernet Sauvignon

Jake D. Dunlevy, Kathleen L. Soole, Michael V. Perkins, Emily L. Nicholson, Suzanne M. Maffei, Paul K. Boss
Am J Enol Vitic. December 2013 64: 450-458; published ahead of print August 19, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13070
Jake D. Dunlevy
1CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
2School of Biological Science, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, SA 5001, Australia.
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Kathleen L. Soole
2School of Biological Science, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, SA 5001, Australia.
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Michael V. Perkins
3School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, SA 5001, Australia.
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Emily L. Nicholson
1CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Suzanne M. Maffei
1CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Paul K. Boss
1CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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  • For correspondence: paul.boss@csiro.au
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Abstract

Methoxypyrazines are sensorially potent volatile compounds responsible for herbaceous/vegetal attributes in wines made from certain grape varieties. The biosynthesis of these compounds in grape berries is known to occur via a pathway that involves the methylation of hydroxypyrazine intermediates. Certain viticultural management regimes can be used to alter methoxypyrazine concentrations in fruit of those varieties that have the genetic capability of producing them. This study explored the effect of light exposure and crop level on 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) concentrations in Cabernet Sauvignon fruit to better understand the effect of these variables on the concentration of the precursor 3-isobutyl-2-hydroxypyrazine (IBHP) and the expression of a methyltransferase gene (VvOMT3) responsible for the final step in methoxypyrazine biosynthesis. Light was found to reduce the expression of VvOMT3 and the concentration of IBHP, suggesting that a combination of these factors reduces IBMP concentration when fruit has greater light exposure. In contrast, reducing the crop level of vines to less than half of that of controls did not have a significant effect on IBHP concentration or VvOMT3 expression, despite the treatment causing a significant increase in IBMP concentration. IBMP appears to be synthesized in the flesh of the berry which suggests differences in berry size may explain the crop level effect on IBMP concentrations.

  • Vitis vinifera
  • methoxypyrazine
  • methyltransferase
  • hydroxypyrazine
  • aroma
  • grape
  • wine
  • ©2013 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Vol 64 Issue 4

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Determining the Methoxypyrazine Biosynthesis Variables Affected by Light Exposure and Crop Level in Cabernet Sauvignon
Jake D. Dunlevy, Kathleen L. Soole, Michael V. Perkins, Emily L. Nicholson, Suzanne M. Maffei, Paul K. Boss
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2013  64: 450-458;  published ahead of print August 19, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13070

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Determining the Methoxypyrazine Biosynthesis Variables Affected by Light Exposure and Crop Level in Cabernet Sauvignon
Jake D. Dunlevy, Kathleen L. Soole, Michael V. Perkins, Emily L. Nicholson, Suzanne M. Maffei, Paul K. Boss
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2013  64: 450-458;  published ahead of print August 19, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13070
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