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Research Article

Cover Crops and Tillage in a Mature Merlot Vineyard Show Few Effects on Grapevines

Kerri L. Steenwerth, Andrew J. McElrone, Arturo Calderón-Orellana, Robert C. Hanifin, Chris Storm, Wesley Collatz, Christine Manuck
Am J Enol Vitic. December 2013 64: 515-521; published ahead of print September 23, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12119
Kerri L. Steenwerth
1United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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  • For correspondence: kerri.steenwerth@ars.usda.gov
Andrew J. McElrone
1United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Arturo Calderón-Orellana
2Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, and Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Robert C. Hanifin
1United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Chris Storm
3Vino Farms Inc., 1377 East Lodi Ave., Lodi, CA 95616.
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Wesley Collatz
1United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Christine Manuck
1United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract

Permanent cover crops are commonly used in vineyard floor management because of their beneficial effects to soil and vine health, but studies evaluating their competitive effects on vines have been conducted primarily in nonirrigated vineyards. Future air quality regulations could mandate the use of no-till floor management practices in California’s Central Valley. We evaluated the combined effects of cover crop type (oats alone or oats grown with legumes) and tillage on soil nutrient availability, vine nutrition, growth, and yield characteristics of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot grown under regulated deficit irrigation in a commercial vineyard from 2008 to 2010. Five treatments were used: Resident Vegetation (RV) + Till, Oats + Till, Oats/Legumes +Till, Oats + NoTill, and Oats/Legumes + NoTill. No differences in soil nutrient availability were found among the treatments. Of the numerous nutritional constituents analyzed on leaf petioles and blades, only NO3-Npetiole was affected by floor management. At nearly all growth stages among all years, NO3-Npetiole of tilled treatments was twice the no-till treatments. At harvest, yield, mean cluster weight, cluster number per vine, and aboveground cover crop biomass differed among treatments in 2009 and/or 2010 but not in the first year (2008); however, responses were not consistent among treatments within each respective year. Importantly, yields were similar from all four cover crop treatments compared to the typical management (RV + Till), suggesting that use of cover crops and/or no-till practices may be implemented in an irrigated vineyard with little immediate effect on grape productivity in mature vineyards.

  • tillage
  • nutrient management
  • competition
  • legume
  • no-till
  • ©2013 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Cover Crops and Tillage in a Mature Merlot Vineyard Show Few Effects on Grapevines
Kerri L. Steenwerth, Andrew J. McElrone, Arturo Calderón-Orellana, Robert C. Hanifin, Chris Storm, Wesley Collatz, Christine Manuck
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2013  64: 515-521;  published ahead of print September 23, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12119

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Cover Crops and Tillage in a Mature Merlot Vineyard Show Few Effects on Grapevines
Kerri L. Steenwerth, Andrew J. McElrone, Arturo Calderón-Orellana, Robert C. Hanifin, Chris Storm, Wesley Collatz, Christine Manuck
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2013  64: 515-521;  published ahead of print September 23, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.12119
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