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Modeling Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness and Budbreak in Twenty-Three Vitis Genotypes Reveals Variation by Region of Origin

John C. Ferguson, Michelle M. Moyer, Lynn J. Mills, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Markus Keller
Am J Enol Vitic. March 2014 65: 59-71; published ahead of print December 10, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13098
John C. Ferguson
Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350 AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350 present address: 23244 Lower Terrace, Eagle River, AK 99577
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Michelle M. Moyer
Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
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Lynn J. Mills
Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
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Gerrit Hoogenboom
AgWeatherNet, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
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Markus Keller
Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350
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  • For correspondence: mkeller@wsu.edu
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Abstract

Cold injury is a key environmental challenge in many grape-producing regions, especially those at high latitudes. Although grapevines acclimate to cold temperatures in fall and deacclimate when warm temperatures return in spring, cold hardiness varies with species, cultivar, phenology, ambient weather, photoperiod, and plant organ, which hampers implementation of effective mitigation practices. Using long-term data sets of lethal temperatures and spring phenology for primary buds of Vitis vinifera and Vitis labruscana, we parameterized and evaluated a discrete-dynamic model that simulates cold hardiness from early fall through budbreak of 23 genotypes. The model uses mean daily temperature as the sole input variable to drive daily changes in hardiness. Genotype-specific parameters, such as initial and maximum hardiness, temperature thresholds, acclimation and deacclimation rates, and chilling and heating requirements, were optimized through an iterative process. The model predicted cold hardiness with 0.89 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.99, depending on genotype. Because it simulates hardiness at budbreak, the model can also be used to predict the time of budbreak. Optimized model parameters revealed a north/inland-south/coastal gradient for genotype origin in terms of initial and maximum cold hardiness, and time of budbreak. Budbreak occurred earlier in hardier genotypes, consistent with more rapid deacclimation of genotypes originating from colder climates, paradoxically making these genotypes more vulnerable to spring frost in warmer environments. The current model of grapevine bud cold hardiness has uses in both climate modeling and risk assessment.

  • budbreak
  • cold hardiness
  • differential thermal analysis
  • grapevine
  • model
  • phenology
  • Vitis
  • ©2014 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Vol 65 Issue 1

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Modeling Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness and Budbreak in Twenty-Three Vitis Genotypes Reveals Variation by Region of Origin
John C. Ferguson, Michelle M. Moyer, Lynn J. Mills, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Markus Keller
Am J Enol Vitic.  March 2014  65: 59-71;  published ahead of print December 10, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13098

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Modeling Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness and Budbreak in Twenty-Three Vitis Genotypes Reveals Variation by Region of Origin
John C. Ferguson, Michelle M. Moyer, Lynn J. Mills, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Markus Keller
Am J Enol Vitic.  March 2014  65: 59-71;  published ahead of print December 10, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13098
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