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Late-Season Foliar Urea Applications Can Increase Berry Yeast-Assimilable Nitrogen in Winegrapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

Kirsten D. Hannam, Gerald H. Neilsen, Denise Neilsen, William S. Rabie, Andrew J. Midwood, Peter Millard
Am J Enol Vitic. March 2014 65: 89-95; published ahead of print November 07, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13092
Kirsten D. Hannam
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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  • For correspondence: Kirsten.Hannam@agr.gc.ca
Gerald H. Neilsen
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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Denise Neilsen
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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William S. Rabie
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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Andrew J. Midwood
The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK
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Peter Millard
Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
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Abstract

In the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, low rates of nitrogen fertilizer are typically applied early in the growing season to prevent excessive vine growth, disease, and adverse changes in grape juice composition. As a consequence, grape juice yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentrations at harvest are often below the level considered sufficient to complete fermentation during winemaking and require augmentation with additional nitrogen. Over a three-year period at seven study sites planted to five winegrape varieties, late-season foliar applications of urea-N were investigated as a method for enhancing grape juice YAN. Foliar-applied solutions of urea at rates equivalent to 14–18 kg N/ha/yr (1% w/v, applied in one year only) or 28–36 kg N/ha/yr (2% w/v) caused significant improvements in grape juice YAN concentrations in six out of seven of the study sites each year, but there was no consistent pattern among years as to which study sites were most amenable to treatment. Little of the N applied in the foliar spray treatments appeared to be retained by the vines, and there were only few, small negative effects of treatment application on vine performance and juice quality. Thus, urea sprays applied to the foliage around the time of veraison show considerable promise as a supplement to more traditional soil fertilization programs on these and similar sites.

  • yeast assimilable nitrogen
  • foliar spray
  • urea
  • nitrogen fertilization
  • veraison
  • ©2014 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Late-Season Foliar Urea Applications Can Increase Berry Yeast-Assimilable Nitrogen in Winegrapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Kirsten D. Hannam, Gerald H. Neilsen, Denise Neilsen, William S. Rabie, Andrew J. Midwood, Peter Millard
Am J Enol Vitic.  March 2014  65: 89-95;  published ahead of print November 07, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13092

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Late-Season Foliar Urea Applications Can Increase Berry Yeast-Assimilable Nitrogen in Winegrapes (Vitis vinifera L.)
Kirsten D. Hannam, Gerald H. Neilsen, Denise Neilsen, William S. Rabie, Andrew J. Midwood, Peter Millard
Am J Enol Vitic.  March 2014  65: 89-95;  published ahead of print November 07, 2013 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2013.13092
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