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Research Article

Automatic Sensor System for the Continuous Analysis of the Evolution of Wine

Jesús Lozano, José Pedro Santos, José Ignacio Suárez, Mariano Cabellos, Teresa Arroyo, Carmen Horrillo
Am J Enol Vitic.  2015  66: 148-155  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2014.14103
Jesús Lozano
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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  • For correspondence: jesuslozano@unex.es
José Pedro Santos
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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José Ignacio Suárez
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Mariano Cabellos
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Teresa Arroyo
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Carmen Horrillo
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

An in situ and on-line electronic nose (e-nose) was developed and installed in a winery for the continuous measurement of wine evolution. The system has a novel sampling method that uses a carrier gas to extract aroma compounds directly from the headspace of the wine storage tank, and the volatile compounds are then automatically carried to the sensor cell. The system uses a tin oxide multisensor prepared by radio frequency sputtering onto an alumina substrate and treated with with chromium and indium. The whole system is fully automated and controlled by a computer and can be supervised remotely via the internet. Linear techniques such as principal component analysis and nonlinear ones such as artificial neural networks were used for pattern recognition, and partial least squares analysis was used for predicting GC-MS analysis. Results of two different wines show that the e-nose system can detect the evolution of aroma compounds for nine months. Correlation coefficients near to 1 were obtained in the prediction of the volatile organic compounds ethyl butyrate, isobutyric acid, isobutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. This system can be trained for monitoring wine preservation and evolution, detecting off-odors, and warning the wine expert to correct problems as soon as possible in order to prevent spoilage and improve wine quality.

  • electronic nose
  • gas sensors
  • pattern recognition
  • wine evolution
  • aroma
  • GC-MS
  • Received August 2014.
  • Revision received October 2014.
  • Accepted October 2014.
  • Published online May 2015
  • ©2015 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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You have accessRestricted access
Automatic Sensor System for the Continuous Analysis of the Evolution of Wine
Jesús Lozano, José Pedro Santos, José Ignacio Suárez, Mariano Cabellos, Teresa Arroyo, Carmen Horrillo
Am J Enol Vitic.  2015  66: 148-155  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2014.14103
Jesús Lozano
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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  • For correspondence: jesuslozano@unex.es
José Pedro Santos
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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José Ignacio Suárez
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Mariano Cabellos
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Teresa Arroyo
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Carmen Horrillo
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Automatic Sensor System for the Continuous Analysis of the Evolution of Wine
Jesús Lozano, José Pedro Santos, José Ignacio Suárez, Mariano Cabellos, Teresa Arroyo, Carmen Horrillo
Am J Enol Vitic.  2015  66: 148-155  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2014.14103
Jesús Lozano
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: jesuslozano@unex.es
José Pedro Santos
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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José Ignacio Suárez
1Dept. Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Automática, Universidad de Ex-tremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Mariano Cabellos
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Teresa Arroyo
3Dept. Agroalimentación, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Km 38.2 N-II, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Carmen Horrillo
2Grupo de I+D en Sensores de Gases, Gridsen, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ITEFI, (CSIC), C/Serrano, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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