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Effect of Postharvest Defoliation on Carbon and Nitrogen Resources of High-Yielding Sauvignon blanc Grapevines

Marc M. Greven, Sue M. Neal, D. Stuart Tustin, Helen Boldingh, Jeff Bennett, Maria Carmo Vasconcelos
Am J Enol Vitic. July 2016 67: 315-326; published ahead of print April 07, 2016 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.15081
Marc M. Greven
1New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., PO Box 845, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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  • For correspondence: marc.greven@plantandfood.co.nz
Sue M. Neal
1New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., PO Box 845, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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D. Stuart Tustin
2New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., Private Bag 1401, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand
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Helen Boldingh
3New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Jeff Bennett
1New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Ltd., PO Box 845, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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Maria Carmo Vasconcelos
4Eastern Institute of Technology, Private Bag 120, Hawke’s Bay Mail Centre, Napier 4142, New Zealand.
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Abstract

We quantified the importance of postharvest carbohydrate assimilation and nitrogen availability to replenish vine reserves, over and above maintaining optimal growth, productivity, and fruit quality of high-yielding, vigorous Sauvignon blanc grapevines. To create different carbohydrate (CHO) and nitrogen (N) reserve concentrations, our factorial-design trial consisted of a postharvest defoliation treatment overlaid with a pruning treatment in which 48 or 72 nodes were retained on four- or six-cane vertical shoot positioned vines, respectively. In defoliation (Defol) vines, all leaves were removed immediately after fruit harvest, while foliated vines (Fol) went through normal senescence. From just after ectodormancy in 2008, samples of root and trunk tissue were taken throughout the years for CHO and N analyses and results were compared with annual yield data. Both defoliation and node number treatments reduced vine growth and yield. Additionally, differences in CHO and N of the permanent structure were found. Depleted winter reserves in trunk and root were replenished during the next growth cycle, suggesting that grapevine N and CHO partitioning favor survival of the permanent structure over increasing vine size and yield. However, after two consecutive years of defoliation, the cumulative effects of smaller, less fruitful canes from year one and reduced carbohydrates from the subsequent year reduced both yield and vegetative growth in the third growing season. Therefore, even the short-lived postharvest canopy in cool climates contributes to the vine CHO economy. Defoliation or excessive crop loads affected carbohydrate reserves in vines, but only after several consecutive years of low recharge; this manifested iteself in lower yields and poorer vegetative growth.

  • carbohydrate
  • crop load
  • nitrogen
  • postharvest defoliation
  • reserves
  • ©2016 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Effect of Postharvest Defoliation on Carbon and Nitrogen Resources of High-Yielding Sauvignon blanc Grapevines
Marc M. Greven, Sue M. Neal, D. Stuart Tustin, Helen Boldingh, Jeff Bennett, Maria Carmo Vasconcelos
Am J Enol Vitic.  July 2016  67: 315-326;  published ahead of print April 07, 2016 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.15081

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Effect of Postharvest Defoliation on Carbon and Nitrogen Resources of High-Yielding Sauvignon blanc Grapevines
Marc M. Greven, Sue M. Neal, D. Stuart Tustin, Helen Boldingh, Jeff Bennett, Maria Carmo Vasconcelos
Am J Enol Vitic.  July 2016  67: 315-326;  published ahead of print April 07, 2016 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.15081
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