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Research Article

Impact of Mechanical Harvesting and Optical Berry Sorting on Grape and Wine Composition

David A. Hendrickson, Larry A. Lerno, Anna K. Hjelmeland, Susan E. Ebeler, Hildegarde Heymann, Helene Hopfer, Karen L. Block, Charles A. Brenneman, Anita Oberholster
Am J Enol Vitic.  2016  67: 385-397  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.14132
David A. Hendrickson
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Larry A. Lerno
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Anna K. Hjelmeland
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Susan E. Ebeler
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Hildegarde Heymann
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Helene Hopfer
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Karen L. Block
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Charles A. Brenneman
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Anita Oberholster
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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  • For correspondence: aoberholster@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

The impact of mechanical harvesting, optical berry sorting, and their possible synergistic effect on grape and wine composition was investigated. Pinot noir grapes from the Russian River Valley American Viticultural Area were harvested by hand, by a standard bow-rod mechanical harvester, or by a mechanical harvester with a Selectiv’ Process on-board. For each harvest method, half of the grapes were unsorted and half were optically sorted at the winery. The grapes, wines at bottling, and wines after three months of bottle aging were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for color expression and phenolic and aroma profiling. The machine-harvested grapes had higher levels of β-damascenone, linalool, β-myrcene, and α-terpinene, potentially caused by glycosidic hydrolysis triggered by berry damage during harvest or from induced synthesis as a wounding response. In general, differences in wine composition attributable to harvest method were diminished or eliminated by optical sorting. The machine harvester with the Selectiv’ Process on-board led to wines with the most phenolics, although these differences may have been decreased or eliminated had the grapes been crushed before fermentation as the wines were produced by whole-berry fermentation. Descriptive sensory analysis conducted on wines three months after bottling determined that the wines made from hand-harvested fruit had significantly greater tropical fruit aroma, while wines made from optically sorted treatments had less hue saturation. With only two significant differences among the 18 aroma, taste, and mouthfeel attributes tested, it was concluded that all treatments led to wines of similar character.

  • mechanical harvesting
  • optical berry sorting
  • phenolics
  • Pinot noir
  • sensory analysis
  • volatiles
  • ©2016 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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You have accessRestricted access
Impact of Mechanical Harvesting and Optical Berry Sorting on Grape and Wine Composition
David A. Hendrickson, Larry A. Lerno, Anna K. Hjelmeland, Susan E. Ebeler, Hildegarde Heymann, Helene Hopfer, Karen L. Block, Charles A. Brenneman, Anita Oberholster
Am J Enol Vitic.  2016  67: 385-397  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.14132
David A. Hendrickson
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Larry A. Lerno
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anna K. Hjelmeland
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Susan E. Ebeler
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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  • Search for this author on this site
Hildegarde Heymann
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Helene Hopfer
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Karen L. Block
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Charles A. Brenneman
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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Anita Oberholster
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: aoberholster@ucdavis.edu

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Impact of Mechanical Harvesting and Optical Berry Sorting on Grape and Wine Composition
David A. Hendrickson, Larry A. Lerno, Anna K. Hjelmeland, Susan E. Ebeler, Hildegarde Heymann, Helene Hopfer, Karen L. Block, Charles A. Brenneman, Anita Oberholster
Am J Enol Vitic.  2016  67: 385-397  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.14132
David A. Hendrickson
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Larry A. Lerno
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anna K. Hjelmeland
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Susan E. Ebeler
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hildegarde Heymann
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Helene Hopfer
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Karen L. Block
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
Charles A. Brenneman
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
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  • Search for this author on this site
Anita Oberholster
1Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: aoberholster@ucdavis.edu
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