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Research Article

Spatial Variability in Ontario Pinot noir Vineyards: Use of Geomatics and Implications for Precision Viticulture

David Ledderhof, Andrew G. Reynolds, Ralph Brown, Marilyne Jollineau, Elena Kotsaki
Am J Enol Vitic. April 2017 68: 151-168; published ahead of print January 05, 2017 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.16062
David Ledderhof
1Graduate Research Assistant, Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S3A1
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Andrew G. Reynolds
2rofessor, Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S3A1
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  • For correspondence: areynolds@brocku.ca
Ralph Brown
3Professor, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
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Marilyne Jollineau
4Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S3A1
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Elena Kotsaki
1Graduate Research Assistant, Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S3A1
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Abstract

Relationships among vine water status, soil texture, and vine size were observed in four Ontario Pinot noir vineyards in 2008 and 2009. The vineyards were divided into water status zones using geographic information systems to map the seasonal mean leaf water potential (Ψ) and cane pruning weight (vine size). Leaf Ψ zones were confirmed using k-means clustering. Both seasons were cooler and wetter than average and the range of leaf Ψ defining the water status zones was narrow (−0.59 to −0.95 MPa across all vineyards). Yield, vine size, crop load, anthocyanins, and phenols had the highest coefficients of variability. Higher yields, berry weights, titratable acidity, anthocyanins, and color were occasionally associated with low water status zones. There were no berry composition variables with differences between vine size zones in all four vineyards. Higher yields, cluster numbers, and berry weights were frequently associated with high vine size zones. Principal components analysis separated the vineyards but did not create clusters based on leaf Ψ or vine size. There were notable correlations between vineyard and grape composition variables, and spatial trends were qualitatively related for many of the variables. Significant r2 values that suggested inverse relationships were found in 2008 for leaf Ψ versus anthocyanins, color intensity, and phenols and for vine size versus anthocyanins, while in 2009 there were significant r2 values for soil moisture versus anthocyanins and color intensity that likewise suggested inverse relationships. This study showed that there is potential for using geomatic techniques to understand variability in vineyards, but that erratic weather in eastern North America presents a challenge for understanding the driving forces of such variability.

  • anthocyanins
  • geographic information systems
  • global positioning systems
  • soil moisture
  • terroir
  • vine water status
  • ©2017 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Spatial Variability in Ontario Pinot noir Vineyards: Use of Geomatics and Implications for Precision Viticulture
David Ledderhof, Andrew G. Reynolds, Ralph Brown, Marilyne Jollineau, Elena Kotsaki
Am J Enol Vitic.  April 2017  68: 151-168;  published ahead of print January 05, 2017 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.16062

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Spatial Variability in Ontario Pinot noir Vineyards: Use of Geomatics and Implications for Precision Viticulture
David Ledderhof, Andrew G. Reynolds, Ralph Brown, Marilyne Jollineau, Elena Kotsaki
Am J Enol Vitic.  April 2017  68: 151-168;  published ahead of print January 05, 2017 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2016.16062
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