Nitrogen Requirements of Pinot noir Based on Growth Parameters, Must Composition, and Fermentation Behavior

R. Paul Schreiner; James Osborne; Patricia A. Skinkis

doi:10.5344/ajev.2017.17043

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Figure 1
Effect of year and nitrogen (N) supply on vegetative parameters of Pinot noir grown in microplots from 2012 to 2014. Interactive effect of year and N supply (scatter charts) on bloom shoot length, bloom leaf area, pruning mass, and veraison leaf area (n = 4), and main effect of N supply (bar charts) on midday bloom and verasion single leaf photosynthesis (n = 12). A ^* to the right of a symbol in interactive plots indicates those N treatments that differ from the Control (100% N) in each year based on Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) at 95% confidence. Data from 2011 before N was manipulated are shown as a reference in interactive plots. Letters above means in bar charts indicate treatment differences based on Tukey’s HSD at 95% confidence. Data are means and standard error of the mean for each plot. FW, fresh weight.
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Figure 2
Effect of year and nitrogen (N) supply on reproductive parameters of Pinot noir grown in microplots from 2012 to 2014. Interactive effect of year and N supply (scatter charts) on yield (n = 4), fruit set (n = 4), and berry number per cluster (n = 4), and main effect of N supply (bar charts) on fruitfulness (inflorescences per shoot) and berry fresh weight (n = 12), or main effect of year on flower number per inflorescence (n = 20). A ^* to the right of a symbol in interactive plots indicates those N treatments that differ from the Control (100% N) in each year based on Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) at 95% confidence. Data from 2011 before N was manipulated are shown as a reference in interactive plots. Letters above means in bar charts indicate treatment differences based on Tukey’s HSD at 95% confidence. Data are means and standard error of the mean for each plot.
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Figure 3
Effect of year and nitrogen (N) supply on must parameters of Pinot noir grown in microplots from 2012 to 2014. Interactive effect of year and N supply (scatter charts) on soluble solids, pH, free amino acid-N (FAA-N), and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) (n = 4), and main effect of N supply (bar charts) on ammonium-N (NH₄-N) and titratable acidity (n = 12). A * to the right of a symbol in interactive plots indicates those N treatments that differ from the Control (100% N) in each year based on Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) at 95% confidence. Data from 2011 before N was manipulated are shown as a reference in interactive plots. Letters above means in bar charts indicate treatment differences based on Tukey’s HSD at 95% confidence. Data are means and standard error of the mean for each plot.
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Figure 4
Effect of year and nitrogen (N) supply on fermentation time (A) and the relationship between must yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) levels and fermentation time (B) in individual wine replicates. Data in (A) are means and standard error of the mean (n = 4), and data in (B) are raw data points from all years and treatments. A ^* to the right of a symbol in (A) indicates those N treatments that differ from the control (100% N) in each year based on Tukey’s honest significant difference at 95% confidence.

Table 1
Leaf blade and petiole nitrogen (N) concentrations at bloom and veraison in Pinot noir grapevines grown in microplots at varying rates of N from 2012 to 2014. Data are means and standard errors of the mean for each factor (n = 20 for year, n = 12 for N supply, n = 4 for Y · N supply interaction).
Table 2
Veraison leaf blade nitrogen (N) concentrations where key vine performance variables were reduced by 30% for Pinot noir grapevines grown in microplots at varying N rates from 2012 to 2014. Data were derived from regressions of each variable relative to the Control (100% N) treatment against leaf blade N concentrations at veraison.

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Supplemental Data -

Supplemental Table 1
Vine phenology, weather, and nitrogen (N) inputs for Pinot noir grapevines grown in microplots at varying rates of N supply from 2012 to 2014.

Supplemental Table 2
Cluster zone solar exposure between veraison and harvest in Pinot noir grapevines grown in microplots at varying rates of nitrogen supply in 2013 and 2014. Data are means and standard errors of the mean at each time point (n = 4).

Supplemental Table 3
Soil water content, θ_v, averaged over the growing season within each nitrogen supply treatment for Pinot noir grapevines grown in microplots from 2012 to 2014. Data are means and standard errors of the mean for each year.