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Review Article

Organic and Biodynamic Viticulture Affect Biodiversity and Properties of Vine and Wine: A Systematic Quantitative Review

Johanna Döring, Cassandra Collins, Matthias Frisch, Randolf Kauer
Am J Enol Vitic.  2019  70: 221-242  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.18047
Johanna Döring
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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  • For correspondence: johanna.doering@hs-gm.de
Cassandra Collins
2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Matthias Frisch
3Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
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Randolf Kauer
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Abstract

Demand for organically grown crops has increased exponentially in the last few decades. Particularly in the wine sector, organic and biodynamic management systems are gaining more and more importance, with some of the most prestigious wineries converting to organic or biodynamic viticulture. The purpose of this study was to review evidence comparing effects of conventional, organic, and biodynamic viticulture on soil properties, biodiversity, vine growth and yield, disease incidence, grape composition, sensory characteristics, and wine quality. Only studies with representative field replicates or studies with a representative number of samples were included. Soil nutrient cycling was enhanced under organic viticulture, especially after conversion was completed. Cover crop mixtures used, compost application, and the absence of herbicides might be factors that account for higher biological activity in organically and biodynamically managed soils. Seventeen out of 24 studies observed a clear increase in biodiversity under organic viticulture on different trophic levels. Plant protection regime and cover crop mixtures mainly determine higher biodiversity in organic and biodynamic viticulture. Organic and biodynamic treatments showed 21% lower growth and 18% lower yield compared to conventional viticulture. The decrease of growth and yield under organic and biodynamic viticulture was not correlated to the growth or yield level under conventional viticulture. A decrease in soil moisture content and physiological performance (assimilation rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance) under organic and biodynamic viticulture is likely to be responsible for the lower growth and yield in the respective management systems. Juice total soluble solids concentration did not differ among the different management systems. No overall differences in berry composition or juice and wine quality among management systems could be observed. By describing different hypotheses concerning the effects of organic and biodynamic viticulture, this review and meta-analysis provides helpful guidance for defining further research in organic agriculture on perennial, but also on annual, crops.

  • biodiversity
  • cover crop
  • crop level
  • floor management
  • grape composition
  • vegetative growth
  • wine composition
  • Received May 2018.
  • Revision received November 2018.
  • Accepted January 2019.
  • Published online July 2019
  • ©2019 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Organic and Biodynamic Viticulture Affect Biodiversity and Properties of Vine and Wine: A Systematic Quantitative Review
Johanna Döring, Cassandra Collins, Matthias Frisch, Randolf Kauer
Am J Enol Vitic.  2019  70: 221-242  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.18047
Johanna Döring
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: johanna.doering@hs-gm.de
Cassandra Collins
2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthias Frisch
3Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
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  • Search for this author on this site
Randolf Kauer
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Organic and Biodynamic Viticulture Affect Biodiversity and Properties of Vine and Wine: A Systematic Quantitative Review
Johanna Döring, Cassandra Collins, Matthias Frisch, Randolf Kauer
Am J Enol Vitic.  2019  70: 221-242  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.18047
Johanna Döring
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: johanna.doering@hs-gm.de
Cassandra Collins
2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
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Matthias Frisch
3Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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Randolf Kauer
1Department of General and Organic Viticulture, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Published Data Sourcing and Selection
    • Data Analysis
    • Management Effects on Soil
    • Management Effects on Biodiversity
    • Microbial Diversity in the Vineyard
    • Floral Biodiversity
    • Earthworm Biodiversity
    • Acarian Biodiversity
    • Biodiversity of Insects and Spiders in the Vineyard
    • Biodiversity of Birds in the Vineyard
    • Conclusions about Management Effects on Biodiversity
    • Management Effects on Vine Growth
    • Management Effects on Yield
    • Management Effects on Disease Incidence
    • Management Effects on Fruit, Juice Composition, and Wine Quality
    • Management Effects on Fruit and Wine Sensory Characteristics
    • Management Effects on Production Costs and Efficiency
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • Literature Cited
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
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