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Research Article

Soil Temperature Prior to Veraison Alters Grapevine Carbon Partitioning, Xylem Sap Hormones, and Fruit Set

Stewart K. Field, Jason P. Smith, Erin N. Morrison, R.J. Neil Emery, Bruno P. Holzapfel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020  71: 52-61  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.19038
Stewart K. Field
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
2Current address: Viticulture and Wine Department, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, 85 Budge Street, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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  • For correspondence: stewart.field@nmit.ac.nz
Jason P. Smith
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
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Erin N. Morrison
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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R.J. Neil Emery
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Bruno P. Holzapfel
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
4New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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Abstract

To gain a better understanding of environmental effects on grapevines and the physiological regulation of acclimation, we determined the effects of soil temperature (14 or 24°C) between anthesis and veraison on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and leaf function of potted Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz. Plants of each regime were selected from two groups that had been grown in a glasshouse from three weeks prior to budbreak at an average soil temperature of either 13 or 23°C. Soil temperature between anthesis and veraison affected utilization and restoration of root and trunk nonstructural carbohydrates and changes in biomass of major plant organs. Soil warming promoted shoot growth via utilization of starch reserves, while soil cooling promoted starch storage in both the root and wood and shifted overall biomass partitioning to the roots. A change in soil temperature from warm to cool through flowering was also associated with reduced fruit set. Diurnal courses of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after fruit set were significantly affected by soil temperature. Phytohormones (cytokinin and abscisic acid) were measured in the xylem sap and leaves at fruit set and veraison. Differences between these two sample types during grapevine development highlight a phytohormone shift likely involved in postveraison fruit ripening. We conclude that soil temperature significantly affects grapevine growth and that the responses are mediated largely by an influence of temperature on mobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates from the roots.

  • abscisic acid
  • cytokinin
  • nonstructural carbohydrate
  • root temperature
  • trans-zeatin
  • xylem sap
  • Received May 2019.
  • Revision received September 2019.
  • Accepted October 2019.
  • Published online January 2020
  • ©2020 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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You have accessRestricted access
Soil Temperature Prior to Veraison Alters Grapevine Carbon Partitioning, Xylem Sap Hormones, and Fruit Set
Stewart K. Field, Jason P. Smith, Erin N. Morrison, R.J. Neil Emery, Bruno P. Holzapfel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020  71: 52-61  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.19038
Stewart K. Field
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
2Current address: Viticulture and Wine Department, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, 85 Budge Street, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
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  • For correspondence: stewart.field@nmit.ac.nz
Jason P. Smith
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
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Erin N. Morrison
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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R.J. Neil Emery
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Bruno P. Holzapfel
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
4New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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Soil Temperature Prior to Veraison Alters Grapevine Carbon Partitioning, Xylem Sap Hormones, and Fruit Set
Stewart K. Field, Jason P. Smith, Erin N. Morrison, R.J. Neil Emery, Bruno P. Holzapfel
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020  71: 52-61  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2019.19038
Stewart K. Field
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
2Current address: Viticulture and Wine Department, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, 85 Budge Street, Blenheim 7240, New Zealand
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: stewart.field@nmit.ac.nz
Jason P. Smith
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Erin N. Morrison
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • Search for this author on this site
R.J. Neil Emery
3Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Bruno P. Holzapfel
1National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
4New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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