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Research Article

Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars

Alexander D. Levin, Mark A. Matthews, Larry E. Williams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020 71: 208-221 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.19073
Alexander D. Levin
1Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
2Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, 569 Hanley Rd., Central Point, OR 97502
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  • For correspondence: alexander.levin@oregonstate.edu
Mark A. Matthews
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Larry E. Williams
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
4Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
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Abstract

Accurate information regarding crop reproductive development and yield formation in response to water deficits is needed for informed vineyard irrigation management decisions, particularly when water supply is limiting. Fifteen red winegrape cultivars grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California were subjected to two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments for four years to determine yield component responses to water deficits (no applied water) preveraison (ED) and postveraison (LD). In the fifth year, the cultivars were kept well-watered to determine carryover effects. In the first four years, early water deficits (ED) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control (sustained deficit, SD; applied water at 50% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout the growing season) across all years and cultivars, but the late (postveraison) deficit (LD) treatment vines were not different from the control. The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW) and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster. Neither flowers per cluster nor percent berry set were affected by the treatments, although flowers per cluster varied significantly among cultivars. Berries per cluster increased linearly with flowers per cluster until saturation at ~150 berries per cluster as percent berry set declined at ~250 flowers per cluster. In the fifth year, yields of the two RDI treatments recovered somewhat because of increases in berry FW and a small, but significant, increase in clusters per vine. These results show that berry size, because of a reduction in FW, is the most sensitive yield component to water deficits, followed by clusters per vine and berries per cluster, with sensitivity maximum preveraison and few differences among cultivars.

  • grape yield
  • regulated deficit irrigation
  • yield components
  • Received September 2019.
  • Revision received December 2019.
  • Accepted February 2020.
  • Published online July 2020
  • © 2020 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
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Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars
Alexander D. Levin, Mark A. Matthews, Larry E. Williams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020  71: 208-221  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.19073
Alexander D. Levin
1Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
2Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, 569 Hanley Rd., Central Point, OR 97502
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: alexander.levin@oregonstate.edu
Mark A. Matthews
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Larry E. Williams
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
4Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
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Effect of Preveraison Water Deficits on the Yield Components of 15 Winegrape Cultivars
Alexander D. Levin, Mark A. Matthews, Larry E. Williams
Am J Enol Vitic.  2020  71: 208-221  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.19073
Alexander D. Levin
1Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
2Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center, 569 Hanley Rd., Central Point, OR 97502
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: alexander.levin@oregonstate.edu
Mark A. Matthews
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Larry E. Williams
3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
4Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
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