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Evaluation of the Concord Crop Load Response for Current Commercial Production in New York

Terry Bates, Rhiann Jakubowski, James A. Taylor
Am J Enol Vitic. January 2021 72: 1-11; published ahead of print August 20, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20026
Terry Bates
1Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory, Portland, NY;
3Current address: Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory, 6592 West Main Road, Portland, New York, 14769.
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  • For correspondence: trb7@cornell.edu
Rhiann Jakubowski
1Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell Lake Erie Research and Extension Laboratory, Portland, NY;
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James A. Taylor
2ITAP, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France;
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Abstract

Economic pressures in the New York Concord grape industry over the past 30 years have driven crop management practices toward less severe pruning to achieve larger crops. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of crop load on juice soluble solids and the seasonal change in vine pruning weight in New York Concord grapevines. Over a four-year period, vines were balanced pruned at two levels or fixed node pruned at two levels to give four pruning severities. For balanced pruning, vines were pruned to leave 33 or 66 fruiting nodes for the first 500 g pruning weight and an additional 11 nodes for each additional 500 g pruning weight. For fixed node pruning, vines were pruned to 100 or 120 fruiting nodes per vine. The 120-node vines were also manually cluster-thinned at 30 days after bloom to target 0, 25, or 50% crop removal. In a second study, the 120-node pruning with midseason fruit-thinning was repeated over 11 years to assess seasonal differences on the crop load response. Crop load was measured as the yield-to-pruning weight ratio (Y:PW) and ranged from 1 to 40 in this study. On average, the industry standard of 16 Brix was achieved at a Y:PW of 20, and no seasonal pruning weight change was observed at a Y:PW of 17.5. There was a positive linear relationship between seasonal growing degree days and the Y:PW needed to reach 16 Brix, as well as between seasonal precipitation and the Y:PW required to observe no seasonal pruning weight change. The results from this study were used to improve crop load management recommendations for New York Concord vineyards under current practices.

Key words:
  • fruit-thinning
  • pruning
  • Ravaz index
  • Vitis labruscana
  • yield management
  • Received May 2020.
  • Revision received August 2020.
  • Accepted August 2020.
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Evaluation of the Concord Crop Load Response for Current Commercial Production in New York
Terry Bates, Rhiann Jakubowski, James A. Taylor
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2021  72: 1-11;  published ahead of print August 20, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20026

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Evaluation of the Concord Crop Load Response for Current Commercial Production in New York
Terry Bates, Rhiann Jakubowski, James A. Taylor
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2021  72: 1-11;  published ahead of print August 20, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20026
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