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Research Article

Effects of Frozen Materials Other Than Grapes on Red Wine Volatiles. Mitigation of Floral Taints by Yeast Strains

Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, Andrew Reynolds
Am J Enol Vitic.  2022  73: 125-141  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2022.22005
Yibin Lan
1Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
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Jiaming Wang
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
3Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Labstat International Inc., Kitchener, ON;
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Emily Aubie
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
4Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Andrew Peller Winery, 697 S Service Rd, Grimsby, ON L3M 4E8, Canada;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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Marnie Crombleholme
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
5Undergraduate thesis student. Present address: Quai du Vin Winery, St. Thomas, ON; and
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Andrew Reynolds
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
6Former Professor. Present address: 613 Memorial Drive, Fenwick, ON L0S1C0. All research work was completed at Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University.
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  • For correspondence: andrewreynolds2007@gmail.com
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Data supplements

  • Supplemental Table 1  Impact of leaf and petiole additions to Ontario Cabernet franc fermentations on aroma compounds across three yeast strains in 2017. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant trends for leaf or petiole levels. Green-highlighted cells are those leaf or petiole levels whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 2   Impact of leaf and petiole additions to Ontario Cabernet franc fermentations on aroma compounds across three yeast strains in 2018. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant trends for leaf or petiole levels. Green-highlighted cells are those leaf or petiole levels whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 3   Impact of leaf and petiole additions to Ontario Cabernet franc fermentations on aroma compounds across three yeast strains in 2019. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant trends for leaf or petiole levels. Green-highlighted cells are those leaf or petiole levels whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 4   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2017, with no leaf or petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 5   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2017, with 0.5% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 6  
    Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2017 with 2% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 7  Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2017 with 1% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 8   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2017 with 5% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 9  Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2018, with no leaf or petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 10   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2018, with 0.5% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 11   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2018, with 2% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 12   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2018, with 1% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 13   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2018 with 5% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 14   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2019 with no leaf or petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 15   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2019 with 0.5% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 16   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2019 with 2% (w/w) leaf addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 17   Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2019, with 1% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 18  Impact of yeast strain on Ontario Cabernet franc aroma compounds in 2019, with 5% (w/w) petiole addition. Concentrations are in µg/L unless otherwise specified. Yellow-highlighted columns are compounds with significant differences between yeasts. Green-highlighted cells are those yeast treatments whose concentrations are likely above their aroma threshold.

    Supplemental Table 19   The basic wine composition variables of Ontario Cabernet franc wines with materials other than grapes (MOG) treatments, 2017 to 2019. For leaf and petiole levels, * or ** mean significant at p < 0.05 or 0.01; otherwise, not significant. TA, titratable acidity.

    • 22-005_SupplementalData.pdf
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Open Access
Effects of Frozen Materials Other Than Grapes on Red Wine Volatiles. Mitigation of Floral Taints by Yeast Strains
Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, Andrew Reynolds
Am J Enol Vitic.  2022  73: 125-141  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2022.22005
Yibin Lan
1Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jiaming Wang
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
3Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Labstat International Inc., Kitchener, ON;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Emily Aubie
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
4Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Andrew Peller Winery, 697 S Service Rd, Grimsby, ON L3M 4E8, Canada;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Marnie Crombleholme
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
5Undergraduate thesis student. Present address: Quai du Vin Winery, St. Thomas, ON; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrew Reynolds
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
6Former Professor. Present address: 613 Memorial Drive, Fenwick, ON L0S1C0. All research work was completed at Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: andrewreynolds2007@gmail.com

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Effects of Frozen Materials Other Than Grapes on Red Wine Volatiles. Mitigation of Floral Taints by Yeast Strains
Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, Andrew Reynolds
Am J Enol Vitic.  2022  73: 125-141  ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2022.22005
Yibin Lan
1Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Jiaming Wang
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
3Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Labstat International Inc., Kitchener, ON;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Emily Aubie
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
4Postdoctoral Fellow. Present address: Andrew Peller Winery, 697 S Service Rd, Grimsby, ON L3M 4E8, Canada;
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Marnie Crombleholme
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
5Undergraduate thesis student. Present address: Quai du Vin Winery, St. Thomas, ON; and
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrew Reynolds
2Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada;
6Former Professor. Present address: 613 Memorial Drive, Fenwick, ON L0S1C0. All research work was completed at Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute, Brock University.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: andrewreynolds2007@gmail.com
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