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Research Report

Genetic Architecture Underlying Proanthocyanidin Composition in American Hybrid Grapes

Kazuya Koyama, Atsushi Kono, Yusuke Ban, Kazuhiro Iwashita, Hisashi Fukuda, Nami Goto-Yamamoto
Am J Enol Vitic. January 2023 74: 0740016; published ahead of print April 25, 2023 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2023.22046
Kazuya Koyama
1National Research Institute of Brewing, 3–7–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739–0046, Japan;
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  • For correspondence: koyama@nrib.go.jp akono@affrc.go.jp
Atsushi Kono
2Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan;
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  • For correspondence: koyama@nrib.go.jp akono@affrc.go.jp
Yusuke Ban
3Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku and Shikoku Regions), NARO, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 721-8514, Japan.
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Kazuhiro Iwashita
1National Research Institute of Brewing, 3–7–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739–0046, Japan;
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Hisashi Fukuda
1National Research Institute of Brewing, 3–7–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739–0046, Japan;
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Nami Goto-Yamamoto
1National Research Institute of Brewing, 3–7–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739–0046, Japan;
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Data supplements


  • Supplemental Table 1 
    Correlation matrix heat map of proanthocyanidin (PA) subunit concentrations and composition in 2014 among the hybrid population (Pop AC). Higher absolute correlation coefficients are shown in higher orange color intensity, as indicated on the scale in the left side of the table.

    Supplemental Table 2  Correlation matrix heat map of proanthocyanidin (PA) subunit concentrations and composition in 2015 among the hybrid population (Pop AC). Higher absolute correlation coefficients are shown in higher orange color intensity, as indicated on the scale in the left side of the table.

    Supplemental Table 3   Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis results of proanthocyanidin (PA) subunit concentrations and composition in the hybrid population (Pop AC). Full list of detected QTLs, including those only identified in a single year, is shown. LOD, logarithm of the odds.

    Supplemental Figure 1
       Histograms of proanthocyanidin (PA) subunit concentrations and composition in the skin and seeds among the hybrid population (Pop AC) over two years. Histograms of PA variables in the skin and seeds for two years (2014 and 2015): A-F) skin PA subunit concentrations; G-I) skin total PA concentrations; J-L) skin percentage of prodelphindin subunit (%P), percentage of galloylation (%G), and mean degree of polymerization (mDP); M-R) seed PA subunit concentrations; S-V) seed total PA concentrations; W, X) seed %G and mDP. The vertical axis indicates the frequency of a given class for the population. Arrows indicate the concentrations of the two parents. MA, Muscat of Alexandria; CE, Campbell Early. PA subunits at the extension position are indicated by (Ex), and those at the terminal position are indicated by (T). The correlation coefficients between years are shown in the upper right section in each histogram.

    Supplemental Figure 2  Box plot of proanthocyanidin (PA) subunit concentrations and composition for the genotypes of simple sequence repeat markers nearest to the quantitative trait locus in the hybrid population (Pop AC). Genotypes are expressed as allele lengths in base pairs (bp). A horizontal line inside a box shows the median value, while a line through a box indicates the mean. Box height indicates 50% of the data. Different letters (α, β, γ) indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05 by Tukey’s honest significant difference. PA subunits at the extension position are indicated by (Ex), and those at the terminal position are indicated by (T). %P, percentage of prodelphinidin subunit; %G, percentage of galloylation; mDP, mean degree of polymerization.

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Genetic Architecture Underlying Proanthocyanidin Composition in American Hybrid Grapes
Kazuya Koyama, Atsushi Kono, Yusuke Ban, Kazuhiro Iwashita, Hisashi Fukuda, Nami Goto-Yamamoto
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2023  74: 0740016;  published ahead of print April 25, 2023 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2023.22046

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Genetic Architecture Underlying Proanthocyanidin Composition in American Hybrid Grapes
Kazuya Koyama, Atsushi Kono, Yusuke Ban, Kazuhiro Iwashita, Hisashi Fukuda, Nami Goto-Yamamoto
Am J Enol Vitic.  January 2023  74: 0740016;  published ahead of print April 25, 2023 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2023.22046
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