Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Vineyard in the Yakima Valley of southeastern Washington, a region with ~200 mm annual precipitation, in late July 2021, after two years without irrigation.
- Figure 2
Effect of soil type and soil moisture on (A) time to budbreak and (B) shoot vigor of own-rooted Merlot grapevines grown in 27-L pots. Two different soils were collected at the Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center in Prosser, Washington, based on the USDA soil classification (https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov), and dried. Dormant, 2-year-old vines grown in potting mix were removed from cold storage, pruned to 10 buds, repotted in the two dry soils, moved into a greenhouse (temperature range 12 to 30°C), and irrigated daily at ~1% (v/v) target increments ranging from permanent wilting point to field capacity in each soil type. Volumetric soil moisture was measured by time-domain reflectometry (HydroSense, Campbell Scientific). Time to budbreak: days from placement in the greenhouse to appearance of green tissue on ≥5 buds. Shoot vigor: average growth rate over the first five weeks after budbreak.
- Figure 3
Infrared image superimposed on visible image of a Riesling canopy in the Yakima Valley of Washington in 2020. Rows are oriented north-south, and fruit-zone leaves were removed after fruit set on the east side only. The image was taken with a FLIR ONE Pro for Android camera (Teledyne FLIR). Temperatures are shown for (from top) sun-exposed leaf, shaded leaf, and sun-exposed cluster. The purple band at the bottom is the shaded vineyard floor; the white “hotspot” is the sun-exposed vineyard floor. The ambient air temperature, recorded at 1.5 m by an on-site weather station, was 24°C. For details, see Fritzke (2022). Photo courtesy of Evan Fritzke.
- Figure 4
Cabernet Sauvignon clusters in a vineyard in the Yakima Valley of Washington in 2022. Rows are oriented north-south, and clusters are exposed on (A) west side of the canopy and (B) east side of the same canopy, with (C) sun-exposed side and (D) shaded side of the same cluster on the west side. All pictures were taken on the same day.
- Figure 5
Variation in veraison date of 31 grape cultivars grown in a vineyard in the Yakima Valley of Washington. Veraison date was recorded at 50% color change (black grapes, purple boxes) or 50% softening (white grapes, green boxes) from 2015 through 2022. Box plots show median (vertical line), lower, and upper quartiles (box), and 10th and 90th percentiles (whiskers). Cultivars are ranked by mean date with median date used as tiebreaker. Own-rooted, certified vines were planted in 2003 (Concord, in a separate block) or 2010 at the Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center in Prosser, WA. Vineyard details are provided in Groenveld et al. (2023) and Keller et al. (2023).
- Figure 6
Machine-pruning and machine-thinning effects in a Syrah vineyard in the Columbia Valley of Washington. (A) Relationship between number of clusters per vine and average cluster weight of manually-pruned or machine-pruned vines with and without machine-thinning. Data for 2014 through 2018 were pooled. (B) Berries, cluster fragments, and leaves on the vineyard floor after machine-thinning. Own-rooted vines were planted in 2000 in a vineyard owned and operated by Ste. Michelle Wine Estates near Paterson, WA. Rows were oriented north/northwest to south/southeast and spaced at 2.74 m. Vines spaced at 1.83 m were trained to unilateral cordons at 1 m and converted from spur pruning to box pruning (10 to 12 cm on either side and above the cordon) in 2013; some rows were converted back to spur pruning in 2014 (24 to 30 buds per vine). Crop thinning was done with a machine harvester (Vinestar 990/500, ground speed 2.5 km/hr, bow-rod frequency 425 rpm) between pea size and lag phase. Treatments were applied to four replicated three-row blocks with four data vines in each middle row.
Vol 74 Issue 2
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