Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Net present value results across the six strategies examined, with no weather events affecting yields.
- Figure 2
Net present value results across the six strategies examined, with extreme weather events affecting yields.
- Figure 3
Net present value results across the six strategies examined, with moderate weather events affecting yields.
- Figure 4
Net present value results across the six strategies examined, with mild weather events affecting yields.
Tables
- Table 1
Key parameters used to assess the economics of three strategies used for adapting winegrape production to temperature extremes.
Parameters Yield (full yields begin in year 5, reduced yields in years 3 and 4)a 1000 kg/ha Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County 11.2 Carignane-Napa County 26.9 Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County 12.3 Average priceb USD/1000 kg Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County 8600 Carignane-Napa County 3297 Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County 2536 Revenue USD/ha Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County 96,320 Carignane-Napa County 88,689 Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County 31,193 Total establishment and start-up costs (years 1 to 3) USD/ha Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County 226,346 Carignane-Napa County 226,346 Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County 62,434 Annual total production costs (years 4 to 30) USD/ha Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County 64,729 Carignane-Napa County 64,729 Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County 20,375 ↵aYield data were parameterized using the total crushed quantity from the USDA California Grape Crush Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Crush/Reports/) and the total land area from the USDA California Grape Acreage Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Acreage/).
↵bPrice data from the USDA California Grape Crush Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Crush/Reports/); cost of production data were reported in McGourty et al. (2008) for Lake County and in Kurtural et al. (2020) for both Cabernet Sauvignon and Carignane in Napa County.
- Table 2
Summary statistics from the consumer survey regarding strategies used for adapting winegrape production to temperature extremes (n = 303).
Variable Share/Average Male 45% Education High school 10% Some college 30% College grad 46% Post graduate 14% Household Income Under $40K 22% $40K-60K 19% $60K-80K 16% $80K-100K 9% $100K+ 33% Age 21-29 38% 30-39 37% 40-49 15% 50-59 7% 60+ 4% Region Northeast 21% Southeast 26% Midwest 26% West 25% Primary shopper 84% Primary preparation 76% Consider environment 60% Consider labels 87% Wine purchase frequency Weekly 10% Monthly 35% Quarterly 31% Yearly 16% Never 7% Quiz: Which cultivar is not used to make a red wine? Pinot gris 63% Malbec 11% Pinot noir 6% Syrah 20% Mean willingness-to-pay by treatment ($/750 mL) Cabernet Sauvignon-Napa County (C1) 24.53 (24.93)a Technology treatment (T1) 28.35 (38.42) Carignane-Napa County (C2) 23.18 (26.10) New cultivar treatment (T2) 26.25 (38.14) Cabernet Sauvignon-Lake County (C3) 22.14 (24.97) New region treatment (T3) 24.71 (29.50) ↵aStandard deviations are shown in parentheses.
Supplemental Figure 1 Number of days per year above 35°C in Napa County (Napa State Hospital).
Supplemental Figure 2 Napa County extreme heat days and Cabernet Sauvignon yields. Grape crush values were calculated using the total crushed quantity from the USDA California Grape Crush Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Crush/Reports/) and the total land area from the USDA California Grape Acreage Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Acreage/). The red line in the graph shows the estimated trend across observations.
Supplemental Figure 3 Napa County extreme heat days and Carignane yields. Grape crush values were calculated using the total crushed quantity from the USDA California Grape Crush Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Crush/Reports/) and the total land area from the USDA California Grape Acreage Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Acreage/). The red line in the graph shows the estimated trend across observations.
Supplemental Figure 4 Lake County extreme heat days and Cabernet Sauvignon yields (Lyons Valley). Grape crush values were calculated using the total crushed quantity from the USDA California Grape Crush Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Crush/Reports/) and the total land area from the USDA California Grape Acreage Reports (https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Specialty_and_Other_Releases/Grapes/Acreage/). The red line in the graph shows the estimated trend across observations.
Supplemental Figure 5 Front and back labels used for the technology adoption treatment.
Supplemental Figure 6 Front and back labels used for the cultivar selection treatment.
Supplemental Figure 7 Front and back labels used for the migration treatment.
Supplemental Material Additional details about the methodological approach and data of this study.
Vol 77 Issue 1
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
More from this TOC section
Similar Articles
