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Incidence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris Virus in California

Maher Al Rwahnih, Alfredo Diaz-Lara, Kari Arnold, Monica L. Cooper, Rhonda J. Smith, George Zhuang, Mark C. Battany, Larry J. Bettiga, Adib Rowhani, Deborah Golino
Am J Enol Vitic. December 2020 : ajev.2020.20044; published ahead of print December 29, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20044
Maher Al Rwahnih
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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  • For correspondence: malrwahnih@ucdavis.edu
Alfredo Diaz-Lara
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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Kari Arnold
2University of California, Cooperative Extension-Stanislaus County, Modesto, CA 95358;
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Monica L. Cooper
3University of California, Cooperative Extension-Napa County, Napa, CA 94559;
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Rhonda J. Smith
4University of California, Cooperative Extension-Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, CA 95403;
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George Zhuang
5University of California, Cooperative Extension-Fresno County, Fresno, California 93710;
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Mark C. Battany
6University of California, Cooperative Extension-San Luis Obispo County, San Luis Obispo, California 93401; and
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Larry J. Bettiga
7University of California, Cooperative Extension-Monterey County, Salinas, CA 93901.
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Adib Rowhani
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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Deborah Golino
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
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Abstract

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) was discovered in 2012 by high throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis of Pinot gris vineyards in Italy. GPGV is often symptomless but has also been associated with chlorotic mottling and leaf deformation. In 2015, this new member of the genus Trichovirus was first reported in the United States of America, in California. To assess the incidence of GPGV throughout grape-growing regions in California, we tested multiple vineyards using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. HTS and phylogenetics were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of GPGV strains recovered. GPGV was detected in 170 out of 716 (23%) grapevine samples, including white and red grape varieties, from several commercial vineyards and one nursery increase block. Moreover, GPGV was identified in three different counties (Yolo, Solano and Napa) situated in northern California. In the case of Napa County, a widespread distribution of GPGV was determined. During the survey, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants tested positive for GPGV, however, characterized isolates shared close homology (>97% identity) with asymptomatic reference isolates, which was confirmed by phylogenetics. GPGV-positive grapevines were also infected with other viruses and viroids based on HTS. Finally, the relationship between GPGV infection and symptom expression is discussed.

  • genetic diversity
  • high throughput sequencing
  • PCR detection
  • Pinot gris
  • virus
  • survey
  • Received July 2020.
  • Revision received November 2020.
  • Accepted November 2020.
  • © 2020 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture.

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Incidence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris Virus in California
Maher Al Rwahnih, Alfredo Diaz-Lara, Kari Arnold, Monica L. Cooper, Rhonda J. Smith, George Zhuang, Mark C. Battany, Larry J. Bettiga, Adib Rowhani, Deborah Golino
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2020  ajev.2020.20044;  published ahead of print December 29, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20044

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Incidence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Pinot gris Virus in California
Maher Al Rwahnih, Alfredo Diaz-Lara, Kari Arnold, Monica L. Cooper, Rhonda J. Smith, George Zhuang, Mark C. Battany, Larry J. Bettiga, Adib Rowhani, Deborah Golino
Am J Enol Vitic.  December 2020  ajev.2020.20044;  published ahead of print December 29, 2020 ; DOI: 10.5344/ajev.2020.20044
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