Fertilize or Supplement: The Impact of Nitrogen on Vine Productivity and Wine Sensory Properties in Chardonnay

Supplemental Table 1  Dates when soil nitrogen (N) (UAN) or foliar N (urea) fertilizers were applied to Chardonnay grapevines in 2016 to 2018.

Supplemental Table 2   Vine phenology and meteorological variables for Chardonnay grapevines from 2016 to 2018.

Supplemental Table 3   Effect of vineyard N applications (Soil N and Foliar N) on leaf SPAD values of Chardonnay grapevines from 2016 to 2018. Vines that received no N supply (No N) served as the control. Values are means (standard deviation) for each treatment on each measurement day (n = 4).

Supplemental Table 4   Effect of vineyard nitrogen (N) applications (Soil N and Foliar N) on leaf photosynthetic rates in Chardonnay grapevines between 2016 and 2018. Vines that received no N supply (No N) served as the control. Values are means (standard deviation) for each treatment on each measurement day (n = 4).

Supplemental Table 5  Effect of soil nitrogen (N) applications on leaf water potential on individual measurement days in Chardonnay grapevines between 2016 and 2018 (n = 4). Vines that received no N supply (No N) served as the control. Seasonal average is the mean of leaf water potential for each treatment after pooling data from all measurement days for each year.

Supplemental Table 6  Effect of vineyard nitrogen (N) applications (Soil N and Foliar N) on cluster zone solar exposure in Chardonnay grapevines near veraison from 2016 to 2018. Vines that received no N supply (No N) served as the control. Values represent means (standard deviation) for each treatment on each measurement day (n = 4).

Supplemental Table 7   Effect of vineyard nitrogen (N) application (Soil N or Foliar N) on must nutrient concentrations in Chardonnay grapevines from 2016 to 2018. Vines that received no N supply (No N) served as the control. Values represent means (standard deviation) for each treatment (n = 4).

Supplemental Figure 1   Multiple factor analysis of Napping data for aroma of Chardonnay wines that received vineyard nitrogen (N) application (Soil N or Foliar N), winery N supplementation (+DAP or +Org N), or no N input (No N) between 2016 and 2018. Ellipses indicate groupings calculated using k-means clustering. Two samples of each wine were evaluated in each session.

Supplemental Figure 2   Multiple factor analysis of Napping data for mouthfeel of Chardonnay wines that received vineyard nitrogen (N) application (Soil N or Foliar N), winery N supplementation (+DAP or +Org N), or no N input (No N) between 2016 and 2018. Ellipses indicate groupings calculated using k-means clustering. Two samples of each wine were evaluated in each session.

Supplemental Figure 3   Correspondence analysis of ultra-flash profiling data for mouthfeel in Chardonnay wines that received vineyard nitrogen (N) application (Soil N or Foliar N), winery N supplementation (+DAP or +Org N), or no N input (No N) between 2016 and 2018. Ellipses indicate groupings calculated using k-means clustering. Two samples of each wine were evaluated in each session.

• Supplemental Data