PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - T. J. Tofflemire TI - Survey of Methods of Treating Wine and Grape Wastewater AID - 10.5344/ajev.1972.23.4.165 DP - 1972 Jan 01 TA - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture PG - 165--172 VI - 23 IP - 4 4099 - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/23/4/165.short 4100 - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/23/4/165.full SO - Am J Enol Vitic.1972 Jan 01; 23 AB - The waste characteristics and treatment methods for wine and grape wastewaters are discussed. The wastewater is strong and highly variable, and tends to become odorous upon standing. Stillage represents a more concentrated and acidic waste-water that may require neutralization. The phosphorous and nitrogen content of the wastewater is less than ideal by the 1/30/150 standard. The treatment methods discussed include activated sludge systems, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological discs, irrigation systems, anaerobic proccesses, and chemical processes.