RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Survey of Methods of Treating Wine and Grape Wastewater
JF American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
JO Am J Enol Vitic.
FD American Society for Enology and Viticulture
SP 165
OP 172
DO 10.5344/ajev.1972.23.4.165
VO 23
IS 4
A1 T. J. Tofflemire
YR 1972
UL http://www.ajevonline.org/content/23/4/165.abstract
AB The waste characteristics and treatment methods for wine and grape wastewaters are discussed. The wastewater is strong and highly variable, and tends to become odorous upon standing. Stillage represents a more concentrated and acidic waste-water that may require neutralization. The phosphorous and nitrogen content of the wastewater is less than ideal by the 1/30/150 standard. The treatment methods discussed include activated sludge systems, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological discs, irrigation systems, anaerobic proccesses, and chemical processes.