RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Preliminary Studies with Coated-Wire Electrodes for Malate, Lactate and Tartrate Ions in Model Solutions JF American Journal of Enology and Viticulture JO Am J Enol Vitic. FD American Society for Enology and Viticulture SP 289 OP 291 DO 10.5344/ajev.1978.29.4.289 VO 29 IS 4 A1 Boulton, Roger YR 1978 UL http://www.ajevonline.org/content/29/4/289.abstract AB Electrodes of the coated-wire type were constructed for tartrate, malate and lactate ions. The responses of these unique electrodes in model solutions were determined. Their responses are not Nernstian and the mechanism of electric potential production is not completely understood. However, they offer a new approach to the analyses related to bitartrate precipitation and the malo-lactic fermentation in wines.