PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - D. E. Johnson
AU  - G. S. Howell
TI  - Factors Influencing Critical Temperatures for Spring Freeze Damage to Developing Primary Shoots on Concord Grapevines
AID  - 10.5344/ajev.1981.32.2.144
DP  - 1981 Jan 01
TA  - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
PG  - 144--149
VI  - 32
IP  - 2
4099  - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/32/2/144.short
4100  - http://www.ajevonline.org/content/32/2/144.full
SO  - Am J Enol Vitic.1981 Jan 01; 32
AB  - A controlled freezing technique was used to determine critical temperatures for developing buds on grapevines. Critical temperatures were estimated for Concord grapevine buds at defined stages of development under both wet and dry surface conditions. Tissue surface moisture strongly influenced freeze resistance. Hardiness was similar for developing Concord buds whether forced from dormant cuttings, taken directly from the field during spring development, or allowed to develop outdoors on whole potted vines. Pre-freeze temperatures had no apparent effect on the hardiness of developing buds. Freeze resistance of grapevine buds always decreased with advancing phenological development.