Table 3

Effect of vineyard nitrogen (N) applications (Soil N and Foliar N) and winery N additions (+DAP and +Org N) on must chemistry and fermentation kinetics in Chardonnay between 2016 and 2018. Musts that received no N inputs (no N) in the vineyard or winery served as the control. Values represent means (standard deviation) for each treatment in each year (n = 4). TSS, total soluble solids; YAN, yeast assimilable nitrogen; NH₄ ⁺-N, ammonium-N; FAN-N, free amino acid-N.